-
The two basic tissues of which the skin is composed are __(a)__ tissue, which makes up the dermis, and __(b)__, which forms the epidermis.
- a) dense irregular connective tissue
- b) stratified squamous epithelium
-
The tough water-repellent protein found in the epidermal cells is called _______.
keratin
-
The pigments ___(a)___ and ___(b)___ contribute to skin color.
-
A localized concentration of ______ is referred to as a freckle.
melanin
-
Four protective functions of the skin are:
- 1. Prevents dessication
- 2. Protects against thermal damage
- 3. Prevents bacterial invasion,
- 4. Protects against UV radiation
-
Translucent cells in thick skin containing keratin fibrils.
Stratum Lucidum
-
Dead cells. (a, b)
- a) Stratum Corneum
- b) Stratum Lucidum
-
Dermis lay er responsible for fingerprints
Papillary layer
-
Vascular region
- Dermis region
- or
- a) Papillary Layer
- b) Reticular Layer
-
Major skin area that produces dirivatives (nails and hair)
Epidermis
-
Epidermal layer exibiting the most rapid cell division
Stratum Basale
-
Scalelike dead cells, full of keratin, that constantly slough off
Stratum Corneum
-
Mitotic ccells filled with intermediate filaments
Stratum Spinosum
-
Has abundant elasic and collagenic fibers
-
Location of melanocytes and Merkel cells
Stratum Basale
-
Area where weblike prekeratin filaments first appear
Stratum spinosum
-
Region of areolar connective tissue
Papillary Layer
-
Major regions of the skin (3)
- Epidermis
- Dermis
- Hypodermis (Subcutaneous tissue)
-
Layers of the dermis (4)
- Stratum corneum
- Stratum Granulosum
- Stratum Spinosum
- Stratum Basale
-
Apendage of the epidermal layer
Hair shaft
-
Appendages of the dermis (10)
- 1. Dermal papillae
- 2. Hair root
- 3. Sebaceous gland
- 4. Hair follicle
- 5. Arrector pili muscle
- 6. Sweat gland
- 7. Blood vessel
- 8. Hair bulb
- 9. Nerve fiber
- 10. Pacinian corpuscle (deep pressure receptor)
-
The type of tisue cells found in the hypodermis
Adipose cells
-
______ granules extruded from the keratinocytes prevent water loss by diffusing through the epidermis.
Laminated (or lamellated)
-
Fibers in the dermis are produced by ______.
Fibroblasts
-
Glands that respond to rising androgen levels are the ___(a)___ and ___(b)___ glands.
- a) Sebaceous glands
- b) Apocrine sweat glands
-
Phagocytic cells that occupy the epidermis are called ______.
Langehan's cells
-
A unique touch receptor formed from a stratum basale cell and a nerve fiber is a ______.
Merkel disc
-
What layer is present in thick skin but not in thin skin?
Stratum Lucidum
-
What cell to cell structures hold the cells of the stratum spinosum tightly together?
Desmosomes
-
What substance is manufactured in the skin (but is not a secretion) to play a role elsewhere in the body?
Vitamin D
-
List the sensory receptors found in the dermis of the skin: (5)
- 1. pain
- 2. pressure
- 3. touch
- 4. heat
- 5. cold
-
a.) A nurse tells a doctor that a patient is cyanotic. Define cyanosis.
b.) What does its presence imply?
- a.) A blue cast to the skin
- b.) Inadequate oxygenation of the blood.
-
a.) What is a bedsore (decubitus ulcer)?
b.) Why does it occur?
- a.) Localized area of tissue necrosis and death.
- b.)Pressure areas (points of increased pressure over bony areas) restrict the blood supply to the area.
-
Some injections hurt more than others. On the basis of what you have larned about skin structure, can you determine why this is so?
It depends on the relative number of pain receptors stimulated.
-
produces an accumulation of oily material that tis known as blackhead
Sebaceous glands
-
Tiny muscles, attached to hair follicles, that pull the hair upright during fright or cold.
Arrector pili
-
Perspiration glands with a role in temprature control
Sweat gland -eccrine
-
Sheath formed of both epithelial and connective tissues
Hair follicle
-
Less numerous type of perspiration-producing gland; found mainly in the pubic and axillary regions
Sweat gland -Apocrine
-
Found everywhere on the body except palm of ands and soles of feet
Sebaceous glands
-
primarily dead/keratinized cells (2)
-
Specialized nerve endings that respond to temperature, touch, etc
Cutaneous receptors
-
Its secretion is a lubricant for hair and skin
Sebaceous glands
-
"sports" a lunula and a cuticle
Nail
-
Discribe two integumentary system mechanisms that help in regulating body temperature:
- 1. When capillary blood flow to the skin is enanced (by nervous sytem controls), heat radiates from the skin surface; restriction of bloodflow conserves body heat.
- 2. Activity of sweatglands, i.e., when perspiration evaporates from the skin surface, heat is lost.
-
With what substance in the bond paper does the iodine panted on the skin react?
The starch
-
a.) Based on class data, which skin area -the forearme or palm of the hand- has more sweat glands?
b.) Explain.
- a) Palm
- b) For most people, hands sweat more than the forearm.
-
Which other body areas would, if teted, prove to have a high density of sweat glands? (2)
-
What organ system controls the activity of the eccrine sweat glands?
Nervous system (sympathetic division)
-
Why can fingerprints be used to identify individuals?
Everyone's fingerprints are genetically distinct.
-
Mane three common fingerprint patterns.
|
|
