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most common exogenous cause of human cancers
tobacco
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forms of tobacco consumption
cigarette smoking, smokeless tobacco(snuff chewing tobacco, etc.), second hand smoke
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most preventable cause of human death
tobacco
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within 5 years tobacco cessation
reduces overall mortality, and risk of cardiovascular diseases, lung cancer mortality decreases by 21% but excess risk lasts for 30 years
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diseases associated with tobacco consumption
bronchitis, emphysema, lung cancer (COPD causes bronchitis and empysema)
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risk of developing lung cancer related to the intensity of exposure is
pack years
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incidence of lung carcinomas in abestos workers and uranium miners who smoke over those who dont smoke is
ten times
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interaction between alochol consumption and what in the development of oral cancers multiplies the risk of it?
tobacco
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cancers of the oral cavity esophagus pancreas and bladder are caused by
tobacco
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smoke and smokeless tobacco interact with what in the development of laryngeal cancers
tobacco
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what causes teh development of atherosclerosis and MI
tobacco
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increased alcohol consumption per day and increased smoking per day leads to a multiplicative risk of
laryngeal cancer
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increased platelet aggregation, decreased myocardial oxygen supply, increased oxygen demand, decreased threshold for ventricular fibrillation, multiplicative effect on the incidence of MI when combined with hypertension and hypercholestorolemia is the mechanism of what in atheroscleorsis and MI
smoking
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risk of spontaneous abortions preterm births and intrauterine growth retardation is caused by
smoking
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exposure to environmental tobacco smoke(passive smoke inhalation) is estimated by measuring blood level of
COTININE, a metabolie of nicotine
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risk of lung cancer in non smokers exposed to smoke is how much higher than non smokers not exposed to smoke?
1.3 times more
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exposure to environmental tobacco in home to children may lead to development of
respiratory illness and asthma
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which smoke constituents in tobacco cause carcinogenesis
tar, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, benzopyrene, and nitrosamine
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which smoke constituents in tobacco cause Ganglionic stimulation and depression; tumor promotion
nicotine
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which smoke constituents in tobacco cause impaired oxygen transport and utilization
carbon monoxide
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which smoke constituents in tobacco cause tumor promotion, mucosal irritation
phenol
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which smoke constituents in tobacco cause toxicity to cilia, mucosal irritation
formaldehyde and oxides of nitrogen
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