Chapter 2

Those who favored strong state governements and a weak national government; opposed the ratification of the U.S. Constitution

The compact among the thriteen orginal states that was the basis for the government. Written in 1776, the Articles were not ratified by all the states until 1781

The first ten amendments to the U.S. Constitution, which largely guarantee specific rights and liberties

A government structure that gives each of the three branches of government some degree of oversight and control over the others of the states

Organizations in each of the American colonies created to keep colonists abreast of developments with the British; served as powerful molders of public opinion against the British

Type of govenment where the national government derives its powers from the states; a league of independant states

A document establishing the structure, functions, and limitations of a government

Document drafted by Thomas Jefferson in 1776 that proclaimed the right of the Ameican colonies to seperate from Great Britain

Seventeen specific powers granted to Congress under Article I, section 8, of the U.S. Constitution; these powers include taxation, coinage of money, regulation of commerce, and the authority to provide for a national defense

Systems of government where the national government and state governments share some powers, derive all authority from the people, and the powers of the national government are specified in a constitution

A series of eighty-five political papers written by John Jay, Alexander Hamilton, and James Madison in support of ratification of the U.S. Constitution

Those who favored a stronger national govenment and supported the proposed U.S. Constitution; later became the first U.S. political party

Meeting held in Philadelphia from September 5 to October 26, 1774, in which fifty-six delegates (from every colony except Georgia) adopted a resolution in opposition to the Coercive Acts

Section of Article IV of the Constitution that ensures judicial decrees and contracts made in one state will be binding and enforceable in any other state

A decision made during the Constitutional Convention to give each state the same number of representatives in the Senate regardless of size; representation in the House was determined by population

Powers derived from the enumerated powers and the Necessary and Proper Clause. These powers are not stated specificaly but are considered to be reasonably implied through the exercise of delegated powers

An economic theory designed to increase a nation's wealth through the development of commercial industry and a favorable balance of trade

The final paragraph of Article I, section 8, of the U.S, Constitution, which gives Congress the authority to pass all laws "necessary and proper" to carry out the enumerated powers specified in the Constitution; also called the elastic clasuse

A framework for Constitution proposed by a group of small states; it's key points were a one-house legislature with one vote for each state, the establishment of the acts Congress as the "supreme law" of the land, and a supreme judiciary with limited power

Meeting that convened in Philadelphia on May 10, 1775 at which it was decided that an army should be raised and George Washington of Virgina was named commander in chief

A way of dividing power among three branches of government in which members of the House of Representatives, members of the Senate, the president, and the federal courts are selected by and responsible to different constituencies

Meeting of representatives of nine of the thriteen colonies held in New York City in 1765, during which representatives drafted a document to send to the king listing how their rights had been violated

Portion of Article VI of the U.S. Constitution madating that national law is supreme to (that is, superscedes) all other laws passed by the states or by an other subdivision of government

Agreement reached at the Constitutional Convention stipulating that each slave was to be counted as 3/5 of a person for purposes of determining population for representation in eh U.S. House of Representatives

The first general plan for the Constitution proposed by James Madision and Edmund Randolph. Its key points were bicameral legislature, and executive chosed by the legislature and judiciary also named by the legislature