MedT Ch. 18

outer section (cortex) of each adrenal gland; secretes cortisol, aldosterone, and sex hormones

inner section (medulla) of each adrenal gland; secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine

lacated in the lower abdomen of a female; responsible for egg production and estrogen and progesterone secretion

located behind the stomach. Islet (alpha & beta) cells (islets of Langerhans) secrete hormones

four small glands on the posterior of the thyroid gland

located at the base of the brain in the sella turcica; composed of an anterior lobe and a posterior lobe

two glands enclosed in the scrotal sac of a male; responsible for sperm production and testosterone secretion

located in the neck on either side of the trachea; secretes thyroxine

secreted by the adrenal medulla; increases heart rate and blood pressure

secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland; stimulates the adrenal cortex

secreted by the adrenal cortex; increases salt (sodium) reabsorption

male homrone secreted by the testes and to a lesser extent by the adrenal cortex; testosterone is an example

secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland; increases reabsorption of water by the kidney

secreted by the thyroid gland; decreases blood calcium levels

secreted by the adrenal cortex; increases blood sugar; secreted in times of stress and has an anti-inflammatory effect

secreted by the adrenal medulla; increases heart rate and blood pressure and dilates airways (sympathomimetic); part of body's "fight or flight" reaction

estrogen (female hormone) secreted by the ovaries

female hormone secreted by the ovaries and to a lesser extent by the adrenal cortex; ex: estradiol and estrone

secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland; stimulates hormone secretion and egg production by the ovaries and sperm production by the testes

secreted by alpha islet cells of the pancrea; increases blood sugar by conversion of glycogen (starch) to glucose

secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland; stimulates growth of bones and soft tissue

secreted by beta islet cells; helps glucose to pass into cells and promotes conversion of glucose to glycogen

secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland; stimulates ovulation in females nad testosterone secretion in males

secreted by the adrenal medulla; increases heart rate and blood pressure (sympathomimetic); parent compound from which another is derived (epinephrine)

secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland; stimulates contraction of the uterus during labor and childbirth

secreted by the parathyroid glands; increases blood calcium

secreted by the ovaries; prepares the uterus for pregnancy

secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland; promotes milk secretion

secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland; growth hormone

male hormone secreted by the testes

secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland; acts on the thyroid gland to promote its functioning

secreted by the thyroid gland; increases metabolism in cells; also called tetraiodothyronine

secreted by the thyroid gland; increase metabolism in cells

secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland; antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

hormones derived from an amino acid and secreted by the adrenal medulla

hormones (steroids) produced by the adrenal cortex

mineral salt found in the blood and tissues and necessary for proper functioning of cells; include K, Na, Ca

steroid hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex; regulates glucose, fat, and protein metabolism

tendency of an organism to maintain a constant internal environment

substance, secreted by an endocrine gland, that travels through the blood to a distant organ or gland where it influences the structure of function of that organ or gland

region of the brain lying below the thalamus and above the pituitary gland; secretes releasing factors and hormones that affect the pituitary gland

steroid hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex to regulate mineral salts (electrolytes) and water balance in teh body

cullular or nuclear protein that binds to a hormone so that a response can be elicited

cavity in the skull that contains the pituitary gland

steroid (adrogens and estrogens) produced by the adrenal cortex to influence male and female sexual characteristics

complex substance related to fats (derived from a sterol, such as cholesterol), and of which many hormones are made

pertaining to mimicking or copying the effect of the sympathetic nervous system

cells of an organ that affected or stimulated by specific hormones

aden/o

adren/o, adrenal/o

gonad/o

pancreat/o

parathyroid/o

pituitar/o

thyr/o, thyroid/o

andr/o

calc/o, calci/o

cortic/o

crin/o

dips/o

estr/o

gluc/o

glyc/o

home/o

hormon/o

kal/i

lact/o

myx/o

natr/o

phys/o

somat/o

ster/o

toc/o

toxic/o

ur/o

-agon

-emia

-in, -ine

-tropin

-uria

eu-

hyper-

hypo-

oxy-

pan-

tetra-

tri-

overactivity of the thyroid gland; thyrotoxicosis; Graves Disease

underactivity of the thyroid gland; myxedema=adult; cretinism=childhood

cancer of the thyroid gland

excessive production of parathormone

deficient production of parathyroid hormone

excessive secretion of adrenal androgens

group of signs and symptoms produced by excess cortisol from the adrenal cortex

hypofunctioning of the adrenal cortex

benign tumor of the adrenal medulla; tumor cells stain a dark or dusky color; produce excess epinephrine & norepinephrine

excess secretion of insulin causing hypoglycemia

lack of insulin secretion or resistance of insulin in promoting sugar, starch, and fat metabolism in cells

DM: autoimmune disease; early childhood onset; complete deficiency of insulin; ketoacidosis often occurs

DM: insulin resistance; older onset; obesity; metabolic syndrome

hypersecretion of growth hormone from the anterior pituitary after puberty, leading to enlargement of extremities

hypersecretion of growth hormone from the anterior pituitary before puberty, leading to abnormal overgrowth of body tissues

congenital hyposecretion of growth hormone; hypopituitary dwarfism

deficiency of all pituitary hormones

excessive secretion of antidiuretic hormone

insufficient secretion of antidiuretic hormone (vasopressin)

also known as fasting blood sugar test; measures circulating glucose level in a patient who has fasted at least 8 hours; can diagnose diabetes and pre-diabetes

measurement of hormones, electrolytes, glucose, and other substances in serum (blood) and urine as indicators of endocrine function

measurement of T3, T4, and TSH in the bloodstream

measurement of eyeball protrusion (as in Graves disease) with an exophthalmometer

x-ray imaging of endocrine glands in cross section and other views, to assess size and infiltration by tumor

magnetic waves produce images of the hypothalamus and pituitary gland to locate abnormalities

radioactive iodine is administered orally, and its uptake by the thyroid gland is imaged to assess thyroid function

scanner detects radioactivity and visualizes the thyroid gland after intravenous administration of a radioactive (technetium) compound

sound waves show images of endocrine organs