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Anterior triangle of neck
SCM, sternal notch, inferior border of digastric
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Posterior triangle of neck
SCM, trapezius, clavicle
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Contents of anterior triangle of neck
Carotid sheath
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Contents of posterior triangle of neck
Spinal accessory, brachial plexus
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Location of phrenic nerve
Anterior scalene muscle
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Location of vagus nerve in neck
Between IJ and carotid artery
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Branches of trigeminal nerve
Ophthalmic, maxillary, mandibular
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Innervation of V2 mandibular branch
Taste to anterior 2/3 of tongue, floor of mouth, gingival
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Innervation of facial nerve
Motor to face
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Branches of facial nerve (TZBMC)
Temporal, zygomatic, buccal, marginal mandibular, cervical
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Innervation of glossopharyngeal nerve
Motor to stylopharyngeus, sensory to post. Tongue
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Innervation of hypoglossal nerve
Motor to tongue ex: palatoglossus
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Innervation of recurrent laryngeal nerve
All of larynx ex: cricothyroid
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Innervation of superior laryngeal nerve
Cricothyroid
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Injury of auriculotemporal nerve after parotidectomy, causing gustatory sweating
Frey�s syndrome
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Branches of thyrocervical trunk
Suprascapular, transverse cervical, ascending cervical, inferior thyroid
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1st branch of external carotid artery
superior thyroid
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blood supply of trapezius flap
transverse cervical artery
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blood supply of pectoralis flap
thoracoacromial artery
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congenital bony mass on upper palate
torus palatine
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congenital bony mass on anterior lingual surface of mandible
torus mandibular
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structures sacrificed during radical neck dissection (8)
CN XI, SCM, IJ, omohyoid, submandibular gland, sensory nerves C2-C5, cervical branch of facial nerve, ipsilateral thyroid
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Most common cancer of oral cavity, pharynx, and larynx
SCCA
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Most common site for oral cavity cancer
Lower lip
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Nodal site of first metastasis of oral cancers
Submental and submandibular (although rare overall)
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Hardest oral cavity cancers to resect
Palate
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Treatment of oral cavity cancers
Excision, MRND (if >2cm), postop XRT (>2cm, positive margins, neurolymphovascular invasion)
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Nonaggressive well-differentiated tumor of cheek
Verrucous ulcer
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Nodal drainage of nasopharyngeal cancers
Deep cervical nodes
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Treatment of nasopharyngeal SCCA
XRT, MRND if >2cm, chemo if advanced
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Most common benign neoplasm of nose/paranasal sinuses AND of larynx
Papilloma
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Nodal drainage of oropharyngeal SCCA
Deep cervical nodes
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Treatment of tonsillar CA
XRT (tonsillectomy for biopsy)
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SCCA whose first symptom is hoarseness
Hypopharyngeal
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Benign tumor often presenting with obstruction or epistaxis in males <20yrs
Nasopharyngeal angiofibroma
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Treatment of angiofibroma
Angiographic embolization, then resection
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Nodal drainage of supraglottic cancer
Submental/submandibular
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Nodal drainage of glottic AND subglottic cancer
Anterior cervical chain
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Treatments of laryngeal cancer
XRT or conservative surgery (if small), laryngectomy, MRND, postop XRT (if large)
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Most common malignant tumor of salivary glands
Mucoepidermoid
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Second most common malignant tumor of salivary glands (#1 in minor glands)
Adenoid systic CA
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Treatment for salivary gland tumors
Resection, MRND, postop XRT
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Most common benign tumor of salivary glands
Pleomorphic adenoma
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Second most common tumor of salivary glands
Warthin�s tumor
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Most common injured nerve in parotid surgery
Greater auricular nerve
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Most common salivary gland tumor in children
Hemangioma
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Undrained ear hematomas that organized and calcify
Cauliflower ear
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Vascular tumor of middle ear
Chemodectoma
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CNVIII tumors; can grow into cerebellar/pontine angle
Acoustic neuroma
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Epidermal inclusion cyst of ear; erode structures as they grow causing hearing defect
Cholesteatoma
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Nodal metastasis of ear cancers
Parotid glands
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Most common childhood aural malignancy of middle or external ear
Rhabdomyosarcoma
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Complications of septal hematoma
Infection, necrosis of septum
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Treatment of posterior epistaxis
Packing/balloon, then internal maxillary artery or ethmoid artery ligation
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Slow-growing neck/jaw malignancy with �soap bubble� appearance on x-ray
Amelioblastoma
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Consequence of ligation of stenson�s duct
Painful parotid atrophy and facial asymmetry
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Treatment of supperative parotitis
Fluids, salivation, antibiotics, drainage
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Acute inflammation of salivary gland related to a stone in the duct
Sialoadenitis
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Most common glands involved in sialoadenitis
Submandibular, sublingual
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Treatment of sialoadenitis
Incision and stone removal
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Treatment of peritonsillar abscess
Needle aspiration, then drainage through tonsillar bed
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Abscess more common in older kids (>10)
Peritonsillar
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Abscess more common in younger kids (<10)
Retropharyngeal
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Treatment of retropharyngeal abscess
Intubation, drainage through posterior pharyngeal wall
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Abscess common with dental infection, tonsillitis, and pharyngitis
Parapharyngeal abscess
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Treatment of parapharyngeal abscess
I&D through lateral neck (avoid carotid and jugular)
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Acute infection of floor of mouth most commonly from dental infection of mandibular teeth
Ludwig�s angina
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Most common distant metastases for head and neck tumors
Lung
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Most common cause of posterior neck masses
Hodgkin�s lymphoma
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Workup of neck mass
Laryngoscopy, FNA, panendoscopy, biopsy, neck/chest CT, then excisional biopsy if needed
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Nodal epidermoid cancer with unknown primary: treatment??
Panendoscopy, CT, ipsilateral MRND, tonsillectomy, bilateral XRT
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Foreign bodies that cause dysphagia
Esophageal FB
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Foreign bodies that cause coughing
Laryngeal FB
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Treatment of subglottic stenosis
Laser, dilatation, excision
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Most fatal complication of tracheostomy
Tracheo-innominate fistula
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Timing of cleft lip repair
10 weeks, 10 pounds, Hgb 10
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timing of cleft palate repair
12 months (may effect maxillofacial growth if closed too early)
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most common benign head and neck tumor in adults
hemangioma
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infection of mastoid cells; rare complication of untreated otitis media
mastoiditis
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infection in children 3-5 characterized by stridor, drooling, and tripod position
epiglottitis
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