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What is peritoneum? How many layers does it have?
- It is a thin transparent serous membrane that encases organs.
- 2 layers: Parietal peritoneum (lines abdominal walls) and Visceral peritoneum (lines visceral walls)
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What is between the serous membrane peritoneum layers?
The space between is filled with serous fluid to prevent friction between organs when the move relative to each to other.
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Are all the organs covered with peritoneum?
NO. Kidney, pancrease, and spleen are not fully covered.
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So there are some disgusting specialized parts of the peritoneum what are they? What do they do?
- Mesentery: Double layer peritoneum that provides means of neurovascular communication and attaches organs to posterior wall e.g., the tissue connecting the small intestine. (contians: blood and lymph vessels, nerves, lymph nodes, adipose tissue)
- Omentum: Double layer of peritoneum that attaches the stomache to the body wall and other organs-hold it in place.
- Greater Omentum-fat laden fold of peritoneum that connects the stomach with the transverse colon
- Lesser Omentum- connects lesser curvature of the stomach and duodenum to the liver
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Where does the abdominal cavity begin and end? What does it contain?
- It begins at the diaphragm and ends superior to the pelvic inlet.
- Contains the peritonuem and the abdominal viscera (organs).
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What are the abdonimal viscera? What do they do? (hint 9, think of them all before you peek!)
- Esophogus: Muscle tube from pharyns to stomach 25cm long, passes throug esophageal hiatus, peristaltic action
- Stomach: Expandable, enzymatic food digestion (chyme), holds 2-3 liters, 4 parts (cardia, funda, body, pyloric where pyloric sphincter controls passage of food to duodenum.
- Small intestine: Duodenum C shaped-bile and pancreatic ducts drain here, Jejunum and Ileum (6-7m) absorption
- Spleen: Largest lymphatic organ, eliminate old damaged cells.
- Pancrease: Secrete gastric juices, insulin and glucadons for Islets of Langerhans. (head, neck, body, tail)
- Liver: Largest, metabolic activity, secretion of bile, storage of glycogen, process crugs and toxins,
- Gall Bladder: Bile storage and increase in concentration, release when fat enters the duodenum via the cystic duct.
- Large intestine: Cecum Colon (ascen, r/l flexure, xverse, descen, sigmoid) (recetum and anal canal)
- Kidneys: Post ab wall, remove excess water salts and wastes of protein metabolism. Ureters-run inferiorly from kidney over common iliac arteries, suprarenal glands or adrenal glands
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What are the contents of the pelvic cavity? what doe they do?
- Bladder: Hollow pouch with strong walls. Resevoir for urine. Urethra muscular tube that conveys urine from bladder
- Female reproductive organs:
- Ovaries: produce ova and estrogen
- Fallopian tubes: transfer ovum
- Uterus: fetal developement
- Cervix: Neck of Uterus
- Vagina: Tuber from cervix to vestibule. Passage
- Male reproductive organs:
- Testis: produce sperm and test
- Seminal Vesicles: secrete thick akaline fluid
- Vas Deferens: begins in epididymis, just duct of seminal vesicle to for ejaculatory duct.
- Ejaculatory Duct: connect to Urethra
- Prostate: accessory gland, secretes fluid that helps form part of seminal fluid.
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