Gait (Quiz 1)

Temporal (relating to time).

Observational

• 1. Used for gross movement.
• 2. Plane of view dependent.
• 3. Watch same body part and follow sequential body segments until completed with view

Quantitive measures of space/distance and time.

Accelerometers, walk way with inbedded switches, electrogoniometers, motion analyzers

• 1. Ground reaction forces.
• - Measurement of forces in 3 planes
• 2. Foot pressure distribution.
• 3. Center of pressure.
• - Measure of stability static or dynamic
• 4. Joint Torques

• 1. Description of movement patterns.
• - No regard for forces causing movements.
• - Description of whole body or parts.
• - Qualitative or quantitative.

Rancho Los Amigos gait description

• 1. ID deviations
• 2. Examine balance, energy expenditure, endurance, and safety
• 3. Determine effectiveness of treatment

When foot is on the ground. Has three periods: initial double stance, single limb support, and terminal stance. (60% of the phase)

When the foot is not in contact with the ground (40%)

When both LEs are in contact with the floor (20% of cycle)

Entire body weight on one LE.

One complete cycle

2 steps=one stride

speed (WNL= 95 step/min)

Distance from HS of one foot to HS of opposite foot.

Most demanding of tasks: shock absorption, limb stability, and progression.

Moment foot briefly touches floor. Determines how leading will occur.

• 1. Double stance
• 2. Ends when opposite LE off floor (contralateral toe off).
• 3. Absorbs shock.
• 4. Weight-bearing stability.
• 5. Preserve progression

Opposite foot in swing, one limb FWB, frontal and sagittal plane stability required.

• 1. Initial part of single limb support
• 2. Progression over stationary foot.
• 3. Limb and trunk stability needed.

• 1. Continued single limb support.
• 2. Heel rise until opposite foot strikes ground.
• 3. Body must continue forward progression beyond the supporting LE.

During stance begin to prepare for limb advancement (swing)

• 1. Terminal double stance interval.
• 2. Begins with IC of opposite limb and ends with toe-off
• 3. Preparing for swing.
• 4. Not contributing to weight transfer to opposite limb

• 1. First 1/3rd of swing.
• 2. Beings with foot off floor. (toe off) 
• 3. Ends when foot opposite stance foot. (max knee flexion)
• 4. Floor clearance

• 1. Begins with limb opposite stance limb (max knee flex)
• 2. Ends with limb forward and tibia vertical.
• 3. Limb advancement complete and leg ahead of thigh.
• 4. Prepare limb for stance.

• 1. Begins with tibia vertical.
• 2. Ends with foot striking floor.
• 3. Limb advancement complete and leg ahead of thigh.
• 4. Prepare limb for stance.

Body segments fall toward ground unless restrained.

Balance of ligament and muscle.

Balance of ligament and muscle.

Just muscle.

PF needed to retrain forward fall of body.

Shifts laterally over limb and the hip abducts to prevent pelvic drop.

• 1. Requires forward fall of body weight.
• 2. Also requires forward swing of contralateral LE.
• 3. At the end of step weight is caught by contralateral LE.