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What does [H- Donor] , H+ , H2O do with:
Aldehydes?
Ketones?
Esters?
Carboxylic Acids?
[H- Donor] here can only be LiAlH4 or NaBH4
[H - Donor] , H + , H 2O turns Aldehydes into a Primary Alcohol
[H - Donor] , H + , H 2O turns Ketones into a Secondary Alcohol
[H - Donor] , H + , H 2O turns Esters into a Primary Alcohol AND the -O of the Ester takes with it whatever it was attached to, becoming another separate Alcohol piece
- [H- Donor] , H+ , H2O turns Carboxylic Acids into a Primary Alcohol
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What does PCC do?
- PCC turns Alcohols into Functional Groups:
- Primary Alcohols into an Aldehyde
Secondary Alcohols into a Ketone
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What does CrO3 , [Strong Acid] do?
- CrO3 , [Strong] Acid turns Alcohols into Functional Groups:
- Primary Alcohols into Carboxylic Acids
Secondary Alcohols into Ketones
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What is a Grignard Reagent?
- A Grignard Reagent is an MgBr attached to some series of R groups (ex: CH3CH3MgBr)
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What does a Grignard Reagent do?
- Grignard Reagents react with Carbonyls, turning them into an Alcohol AND adding whatever was with the MgBr onto the original carbon that the Carbonyl was attached to
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What can Grignard Reagents NOT react with?
- Grignard reagents can NOT react with Carboxylic Acids (the R group attached to the MgBr just gains a Hydrogen in place of the MgBr when it leaves)
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How does Alcohol Protection work?
- Alcohol Protection temporarily replaces an alcohol group with a protector (either TMS-Cl or BnCl , Et3N)
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What order do alcohols get protected in, in Alcohol Protection reactions?
What are the names of the Alcohol Protectors?
- - Alcohol Protection protects Primary Alcohols > Secondary > Tertiary
- - The Alcohol Protectors are TMS-Cl or BnCl , Et3N)
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What can NaBH4 react with?
NaBH4 can react with Carbonyl groups EXCEPT for Carboxyl Groups and Esters
(.. so - in other words - NaBH4 can only react with Aldehydes, Ketones, and Amides then)
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What can LiAlH4 react with?
LiAlH4 will react with ALL Carbonyl groups (including Carboxyls and Esters)
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What are the Sn1 reagents?
The Sn1 reagents are HCl and HBr
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What are the Sn2 reagents?
The Sn2 reagents are PBr3 and SOCl2
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What are the E1 reagents?
The E1 reagents are H2SO4 and H3PO4
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What are the E2 reagents?
The E2 reagents are POCl3 with Pyridine (these two must be together!)
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