Anatomical Kinesiology

• 7 cervical
• 12 thoracic
• 5 lumbar
• sacrum=5 fused
• coccyx=4 fused

33 Vertebrae total

• Anterior=convex
• posterior=concave

latteral curvature of the spine

• hunchback
• excessive curvature of the thoracic vertebrae

• swayback
• excessive curvature of the lumbar region

• Atlas
• missing a body

• Axis
• Has an odontoid process (dens)

• Blue=lamina
• pink=body
• yellow=vertebral foramen
• green=pedicle
• purple=transverse process
• white=superior articulating facet
• underneath white=inferior articulating facet
• between green and purple=transverse foramen
• also has spinous process and intervertebral foramen

condyloid joint where the atlas and the head come in contact

pivot joint where the atlas and the axis articulate

cervical vertebrae have 3 foramina compared to one and they have bifurcated spinous processes

spinous process points down

big body and stubby spinous process

ligamentum nuchae

Anterior longitudinal ligament: front of the body of the vertebrae and limits extension of head (weaker)

Posterior longitudinal ligament: back of the body of the vertebrae and limit head flexion and forms the spinal canal

• lateal flexion
• flexion
• extension
• hyperextension
• rotation

• joint to joint: not a lot of movement
• overall: a lot of movement

• inervertebral disc
• outside layer: annulus fibrosus: tough, dense, fibrous
• inside layer: nucleus pulposus: jelly-like substance

herniated disc