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cessation of blood
hemostasis
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4 phases of hemostasis
vascular spasm, platelet plug, coagulation, fibrinolysis (dissolve fibrin clot)
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local secretion of this vasoconstricing peptide from endothelium leads to vasoconstriction
endothelin
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platelets bind here during vascular spasm
subendothelial surfaces
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secreted from normal cells to inhibit platelet aggregation
prostacyclin, NO
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this layer consists of the basal lamina and the smooth muscle
subendothelial cell layer
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two things released during blood vessel injury
collagen, Von Willebrand factor(vWF)
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this in platelet plasma membrane binds collagen to vWF
glycoprotein (integrin)
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specific name of the integrins that binds to vWF and collagen
GPIb binds to vWF
GPIa bins to collagen
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two receptors involved in ADP platelet aggregation
whats activated by these two receptors
P2Y1 (Gq, intracellular Ca2+) , P2Y12 (Gi, inhibit andenylyl cyclase)
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platelet agregation agonist and vasoconstrictor, released by activated platelet
TXA2 (thromboxane A2)
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generated from coagulation cascade
thrombin
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the last step of coagulation cascade
fibrinogen to fibrin (soluble to insoluble)
-
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coagulation factors are genernally ---- (blank) proteases
serine
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T or F most coagulation factors are released as proenzymes from the liver
True (inactive enzymes get proteolytically cleaved-activation)
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generated vitamin K from epoxide
vitamin k epoxide reductase
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blood clotthing factors that require vitamin k dependent post translational modification
factor 2, 7, 9, 10
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coumatin anticoagulants, how does it work?
warfarin and dicumarol, inhibits vitamin K epoxide reductase
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limits the action of tissue factor
TFPI (tissue factor pathway inhibitor) inhibits the activation of factors 9 and 10
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proteolytically cleaves fibrin (fibrinolysis)
plasmin
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cleaves plasminogen to plasmin
t-PA (tissue plasminogen activator)
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deficiency of factor 8
Hemophilia A
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deficiency of factor 9
hemophilia B
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deficiency of factor 11, occrus in individuals of either sex
Hemophilia C
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abnormal vWF
von willebrand disease
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autosomal recessive, deficiency of GPIb (glycoprotein Ib)
bernard soulier syndrome
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autosomal recessive, abnormal GPIIb/IIIa platelet surface fibrinogen receptor complex
Thrombasthenia of glanzmann, naegeli
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