The heart, lymphatic, organs and blood vessles are in the ____ system?
Cardiovascular
The suffix URIA at the end of a medical term refers what body location?
Urine
They study of blood is known as?
Hematology
The liver, stomach, mouth and pancreas are in the _____ system?
Digestive
The most important step to ensure accuracy in simple collection is?
Identifying the patient properly
The bladder, urethra, kidneys and ureters are in the ____ system?
Urinary
The trachea, nose, lungs and phaynx are in the ____ system?
Respiratory
The sebaceous glands, skin, hair and nails are in the ___ system?
Integumentary
The body system that is a primary regulator of hormones is the ___ system?
Endocrine
Neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, lymphocytes and monocytes are types of?
White blood cells
The common name for the thrombocytes is the?
Platelet
The liquid portion of an anticoagulated blood sample is known as?
Plasma
The instrument that measures blood pressure is called a?
Sphygmomanometer
An artery can be distinguished from a vein because an artery will be?
pulsating
Lancets are used to collect blood samples by?
Capillary or skin puncture
The abbreviation VAD is commonly used in hospitals to refer to?
Venous Access Devices
To determine the size of the needle, remember that the higher the gauge the?
Smaller the needle bore
Adult Capillary punctures most often involve use of the ___ finger(s)
Third and fourth (middle and ring)
A centrifuge is used in a clinical laboratory setting to?
Seperate liquid from cells in blood
The oral glucose tolerance test is used for detection of?
Diabetes
Use a ___ toped evacuated tube for collection of blood for a CBC test
Lavender
Use a ____ topped evacuated tube for collection of blood for electrocyte testing
Red
Use a ____ topped evacuated tube for collection of blood for cholesterol testing
Red
Sodium citrate is an anticoagulation because it protects?
Clotting factors
When preparing a blood smear directly from a skin puncture it is best to?
Wipe away the first drop of blood
The purpose of doing blood cultures is to detect?
Septicemia
Anticoagulants are used to?
Prevent blood from clotting
Whit blood cells help the body by?
Defending against foreign invaders
Platelets help the circulation by?
Participating in hemostasis
When blood seeps into the surrounding tissue during a venipuncture, a __ may form?
Hematoma
In a paitient with a clotting disorder, pressure should be applied to the puncture sit for at least __ after venipuncutre to insure blood stoppage?
5 minuets
Skin punctures may be indicated for use when?
The patient is an infant, toddler, or preschooler, only a small amount of blood is needed, Patient veins need to be preserved for IV therapy
All specimens should be labled with?
Patients name (and numeric ID) Date and Time the specimen was drawn, collectors initials
When performing a skin puncutre, squeezing the finger to tightly may dilute the blood with __ and ruin the test?
Tissue fluid
One test often used to asses hemostasis before surgery is?
Bleeding time
One possible cause of unexpected clotting in an anticoagulated blood tube might be?
Insufficient Mixing
When performing a venipuncture, position the bevel of the needle?
Facing up
If blood does not appear in an evacuated tube upon venipuncture, a phlebotomists first course of action she be to?
Slightly reposition or turn the needle
Redirecting a needle during venipuncture is sometimes necessary when?
The vein was not properly anchored, the patient moves unexpectedly, blood flow starts and then stops
A vein might be prone to collapse if the?
Vacuum tube is too large for vein or syringe plunger was pulled back to quickly
Hemolysis would cause rejection of a sample collected for __ testing?
Potassium
If a patient is prone to syncope during venipuncture, the phlebotomist shoud?
Watch in case of fainting
A tube of blood that arrives in the labortary without a label must be?
Rejected automatically
If a blood sample should be collected 2 hours post pradial, the phlebotomist should collect the sample?
2 hours after a meal
Knowing when to collect peak and through levels is important when drawing?
Therapeutic drugs
A pre warming tech may be used to?
Increase patients tendency to bleed
The rolse of all anticoagulants is ultimately to prevent formation of?
Fibrin
The anitcoagulant EDTA works by?
Binding calcium
If the tourniquet is not released before the needle is withdrawn from the arm during venipuncutre, this will most likely result in?
Bleeding from the site
This test sample is light sensitive?
Bilirubin
The ___ must be followed exactly whenever drawing patient test samples that may be used in a legal proceeding
Chain of custody
The anticoagulant SPS (Sodium polyanetholesulfonate) is recommended for use in blood cultures because it?
does not inhibit bacterial growth
Before entering an inpatient room if the door is closed, the phlebotomist should always?
Knock, ask for permission to enter, check for isolation signage
Before entering designated isolation rooms, phlebotomists should always?
Check requirements on signs
The single most important means of preventing the spread of infection in a hospital is by?
Hand washing
The most prevalent tube of nosocomial infections are those of the?
Urinary tract
Phlebotomists have a statistically greater chance of contracting __ in a work related incident that they do of contracting AIDS?
Hepatitis
AIDS is caused by?
HIV virus
When performing heelsticks on infants in a hospital nursery, it is important never to?
Share supplies from one infant to another
When delivering blood samples to a labortary, they should always be transported?
Inside sealed plastic bags
If a biohazard spills in the lab a phlebotomist should first try to?
Contain the spill safely
According to OSHA a contaminated needle may be safely discarded into a?
Sharps container
In most hospitals, a phlebotomist with a cough may draw blood from a patient provided the?
Patient is not in reverse isolation, phlebotomist waers a mask, phlebotomist does not have a fever
When drawing blood from pediatric inpatients, a phlebotomist can increase safety for the patients by?
Getting help to hold the patient securely during the draw, using a samller bore needle and smaller collection tubes, making sure the bedrails are left raised if found that way
To eliminate bacteria from the skin of bacterial culture venipuncture site, __ is sometimes used in addition to alchol in cleansing process
Iodine
The term that refers to right and wrong conduct is?
Ethics
An unlawful threat or attempt to do bodily injury to another is?
Assault
Law protects the health worker if it can be determined that he or she acted reasonably as compared with fellow workers, this is called?
Reasonable Care
Negligence by professional person is called?
Malpractice
The ability to see things from another persons point of view is?
Empathy
A violations of a persons right not to have his or her name, photograph, or private affairs made public without giving consent is?
Invasion of privacy
Info given by a patient to medical personnel that cannot be disclosed without consent constitutes?
Privileged communication
Failure to do something a reasonalbe person would do under ordinary circumstances, or doing something a reasonable person would not do under ordinary circumstances thereby causing harm to another person is called?
Negligence
Permission granted by a person voluntarilys (and his right mind) is?
Consent
A phlebotomist who attempts to draw blood without sufficient training could be accused of ___ if the procedure is performed incorrectly, causing harm to the patient?
Duty of care
Forcing venipuncture on a patient who has refused it would be considerd?
Battery
The branch of study of moral issues, questions and problems arising in the practice of medicine and biomedical research is called?
Bioethics
Conduct, Courtesy, and manners, customary in the medical profession is called?
Medical etiquette
Each and every patient is entitled to ___ as part of his/her patient rights?
Respect and complete care
Some suggested methoda for controlling on the job stress during phlebotomy include?
Using written communication
In performing phlebotomu on children it is best to?
Talk softly and gently, enlist the help of parents, tell the truth if asked!
In approaching an elderly patient, it is apropriate to call the patient by name using?
Miss, Mrs, Mr
A patient who is making a fist and frowning is exhibitating ___ body language?
Uncooperative
A rubber or plastic tube used to drain or inject fluid through a body opening is called?
Catheter
A 24 hour urine sample must be kept?
Refrigerated
A chronic disease in which the pancreas fails to secrete enough insulin is called?
Diabetes mellitus
The purpose of the bleeding time test is to asses?
Platelet plug formation in the capillaries
Diurnal rhythms refer to variations in the bodys functions or fluids that occur durring?
Every 24 hours
EMLA is a emulsion of lidocaine and prilocaine that cane be used to?
Topically anesthetize a draw site
Another name for red blood cells is?
Erythrocytes
The artery located in the groin, lateral to the femur bone, which is used as an alternative site for arterial blood gas collections is the?
Femoral
The federal law that was expanded in 2000 to protect the confidentiality of electronically stored health info is abbreviated as?
HIPPA
The study of all aspect of disease in the body is known as?
Pathology
The phase of labortary testing that refers to test orders test collection and test sample preparation are all part of the ___ phase
Pre Analytical
A patient in reverse isolation have been so placed because he she?
Needs protection from others carrying infection
Anticoagulant in lavender top tubes?
EDTA
Anticoagulant in blue top tube?
NaCitrate
Arterial blood gases?
ABG
Fever of unknown origin
FUO
Sexually Transmitted disease
STD
hemoglobin and Hematocrit
H & H
Complete Blood Count
CBC
Red top or speckled tube
Electrolytes
Quality Control
QC
Center for disease control
CDC
___ are contaminated objects that can penetrate the skin including, but not limited to needles, scalpels, broken glass, broken capillary tubes, and exposed ends of dental wires?
Contaminated Sharps
Reasonable possibility of skin, eye, mucous membrane, or parental contact with blood or other potentially infectous materials that may result from performance of an employees regualr duties is termed?
Occupational exposure
All of the following are examples of "personal protective equipment" except?
Uniforms***
gloves
Masks
Aprons
To use physical- chemical procedure to destroy all microbial life including highly resistant bacterial endospores is to?
Sterilize
___ is the single most important source of HIV and HBVin the workplace
Blood
OSHA requires that training and educational info on bloodborne pathogens be provided to hospital or clinical employees ___?
at no cost to them
All workers whose jobs involve participations in tasks or activities with exposure to blood or other body fluids to which universal precautions apply, should be vaccinated with a ____ Vaccine
Hepatitis B
After they are used, disposable syringes and needles, scalpel blades and other sharp items, should be placeds in containers for disposal?
Puncture-resistant
Broken glassware that may be contaminated should be picked up by?
Mechanical means (broom, dustpan)
Contaminated laundry should be ___ where it was soiled?
Bagged or containerized at the location
A specific eye, mouth, other mucous, membrane non intact skin, or parenteral contact with blood or other potentially infectious materials that results from the performance of an employees duties is called?
exposure incident
In the health care field when all evaluated services and the result compare with accepted standards principles of ___ have been used?
Quality assurance
The federal gov requires that specimens are transported or shipped in?
water tight containers
The classification the physicians office lab (POL) falls into will be determined by
Complexity of lab tests performed
Tests that basically pose insignificant risks to patients if errors occur in the test performance are called?
Waived tests
When you send blood tubes by mail for analysis in water tight container they should be enclosed in?
Second durable water tight container
When you send specimens in the mail the label should be?
Biohazardous materials, in case of breakage send to CDC, address of lab
The suffix - emia means
Blood
The medical term for expanding or opening wider is
dilate
The abbreviation for urinalysis is
UA
The medical term for groups of cells with the same function is
tissue
The medical term ofr the basic unit of body structure is
cell
The abbreviation for below or low is
hypo
The medical term for the time when menstration begins is
menarche
The medical term for the time when menstration stops is
menopause
The abbreviation for gastrointestinal is
GI or G.I.
The medical term for an involuntary movementis
reflex
The medical term for paralysis form the waist down is
paraplegia
The medical term ofr paralysis from the neck down is
quadriplegia
The medical abbreviation for by mouth is
po
The abbreviation for dressing is
dsg
The medical term for paralysis on one sise of the body is
hemiplegia
The medical term for circular movement around a central point is
rotation
The medical term for turning the palm forward , as applied to the hand
supination
The medical term for a decrease is sizse or a wasting
atropy
The medical term, for straightening of a body part is
extension
The abbreviation for postprandial blood sugar is
PPBS
The medical term for moving a body part away from the body is
abduction
The medical term for bending a body part is
flexion
The medical term for turning the palm backwards is
pronation
The medical term for bending backward is
dorsiflexion
The medical term for abnormal shortening of a muscle is
contracture
The medical term for moving a body part toward the midline of the body is
adduction
The abbreviation for laboratory
lab
The abbreviation for discontinue is
d/c
The abbreviation for bedtime or hour of sleep is
hs
The abbreviation for above or high is
hyper
The abbreviation for hour
hr or h
the abbreviation for electroencephalogram
EEG
The abbreviation for Papanicolaou smear is
pap smear
loss of appetite is
Anorexia
Cancer
CA
Tube feeding
gavage
sugar in urine
glucosuria
decubitus ulcer; pressure sore
bedsore
temperture, pulse and respiration
TPR
phlebo
vein
pneumo
air, lungs
adeno
gland
algia,algesia
pain
cardio
heart
cranio
skull
ectomy
surgical removal
emesis
vomiting
cise
cut
centesis
puncture
renal
kidney
post
after
osisc
condition of
rhino
nose
stomato
mouth or the ostium uteri
qsuper
above
toxic shock syndrome
TSS
Erythema
red skin
opposite of deep
superficial
high blood pressure
hypertension
Neoplasm
new growth
carb
carbohydrate
cheif complaints
CC
grain
gr
T/F: Every medical facility is required by OSHA to have an exposure control plan.
True
T/F: The exposure control plan shall be made available to the assistant secretary and the director upon request for examination and copying.
True
HIV
Human Immunodeficiency Virus
_____means any contaminated object that can penetrate the skin including, but not limited to needles, scalpels, broken glass, broken capillary tubes, and exposed ends of dental wired.
Contaminated Sharps
Reasonable anticipated skin, eye, mucous membrane, or parenteral contact with blood, or other potentially infectious materials that may result from the performance of an employees duties is called,
Occupational Exposure
Any individual, living or dead, whose blood, or other potentially infectious materials maybe a source of occupational exposure to the employee is call a:
Source Individual
To use a physical chemical procedure to destroy all microbial life including highly resistant bacterial endospores is to:
Sterilize
_____is the single most important source of HIV and HBV in the workplace.
Blood
The risk of infection with HIV following one needle stick exposure to blood from a patient know to be infected with HIV is approximately,
0.50%
General infection control procedures are designed to prevent transmission of a wide range of_____and to provide a wide margin of safety in the varied situations encountered in the health-care environment.
Microbiological Agents
"Contact with blood, or other body fluids to which universal precautions apply through percutaneous inoculation, or contact with an open wound, non-intact skin, or mucous membrane during the performance of normal duties." This definition applies to,
Human exposure
All workers whose jobs involved participation in tasks, or activities with exposure to blood, or other body fluids to which universal precautions apply, should be vaccinated with_____vaccine.
Hepatitis B
_____testing should be made available by the employer to all workers who maybe concerned they have been infected with HIV through an occupational exposure.
Serologic
Studies suggest that the potential for salivary transmission of HIV is,
Remote
After they are used, disposable syringes and needles, scalpel blades, and other sharp items should be placed in_____containers for disposal.
Puncture Resistant
Broken glassware which may be contaminated shall not be picked up directly with the hands but by mechanical means, such as,
A brush and dust pan
Contaminated laundry shall be_____where it was soiled.
Bagged or containerized at the location
All spills of blood contaminated fluid should be promptly cleaned up using_____approved germicide, or a 1:100 solution of household bleach.
An EPA
In cases of blood contamination shoe coverings and gloves should be disposed of in_____biohazard plastic bags.
Orange-Red
It is recommended that protective mask and eye ware, or face shields, be worn by laboratory technicians, or house keeping personnel:
when cleaning up blood or bodilt fluid
Blood from all individuals should be considered,
Infective or infectious
T/F: When starting an IV line gloves, gown, and eye ware are recommended
False
A specific eye, mouth, other mucous membrane, non-intact skin, or parenteral contact with blood, or other potentially infectious materials that results from the performance of an employees duties is called
Exposure Incident
Universal Precautions is
An overall approach to infection control
CDC has estimated that_____health-care workers whose jobs entail exposure to blood become infected with HBV each year.
12,000
Vaccinations against HBV infection provide 90% protection against hepatitis B for_____or more years following vaccination.
7
Employees that fall in category II of job classifications may include,
Medical Office Manager
The decision as to whether workers infected with HIV can adequately and safely be allowed to perform patient-care, should be made by
Workers personal physician in conjunction with the employers medical adviser
What federal agency requires the use of sharps containers?
Occupational Safety and Health Administration
Biohazard labels must be colored:
Orange-Red
The first of defense in preventing disease is:
The medical hand wash
_____means piercing mucous membranes, or skin barrier, through such events as needle sticks, human bites, cuts, and abrasions.
Parenteral
Viruses can reproduce only in:
living cells
The process of killing all microorganisms in a certain area is called:
sterilization
The autoclave sterilizes or completely destroys microorganisms by combining:
heat (250) with steam under pressure (15)
What kind of environment do microorganisms grown best in?
dark & warm
A disease state that results from the invasion & growth of microorganisms in the body is:
an infection
practices to acheive asepsis are known as:
medical asepsis; clean technique
the process by which an object or area becomes unclean is known as:
contamination
You should wash your hands for approximately:
1 to 2 minutes
When you wash your hands, you should stand:
so your clothes do not touch the sink
The faucet is turned off with:
a paper towel
A healthcare worker who unconsiously transports harmful bacteria but is not ill is called a(n):
carrier
Groups or clusters of bacteria taken for laboratory study are called:
cultures
The patient with an infection may have:
loss of appetite; fever, rash, N&V; pain, redness, or swelling
Disease that can be communicated from one person to another are called:
contagious
When using a fire extinguisher, the hose should be directed to the:
base of the fire
Aerobic bacteria prefer which environmental conditions to grow well?
oxygen
the blood lancet is used for the collection of blood specimens by
skin puncture
the standard point of the lancet to be used when collecting blood from a newborn heel is __ in length
2.4mm
the most important step in the performance of a venipuncture is
positvely identifying the patient
when cleansing the venipuncture site, it is good practice to
cleanse the site from the inside out and allow it to air dry
to determine the size of the needle remember that the higher the gauge number the ___ needle
smaller
an instrument called a centrifuge
separates the cellular and liquid portion of the blood
rubber sleeves on an evacuated tube system make it possible for
multiple use
preparing for a glucose tolerance test __ hours before or during the test, the patient should not eat smoke drink coffee of alcohol
ten
in the evacuated blood collection system the evacuated glass tubes come in different sizes and the stoppers are __ to denote the type of additive or lack of one
color coded
during venipuncture to secure the needle during insertion into the tube stopper you need a
holder
which needle gauges are most commonly used for venipuncture
21-22
when performing a venipuncture the tournquet should be wrapped around the arm about three to four inches from where you are going to __ for a vein
feel
when performing a venipuncture if you have the patient ___ the veins will become more prominent
make a fist
which of the following is false
veins pulsate
use you index finger when you __ for a vein
palpate
arterioles are the smallest type of
arteries
the maximum time a tourniquet should be tied on the upper arm while drawing blood is
1 minute
to cleanse the typical venipuncture site, begin at the intended site of the draw and
work in a circle to the periphery
the venipuncture site should be cleansed with
an alcohol prep
when using a centrifuge make sure equal weights are
opposite each other
the lid to the centrifuge should be kept ___ when in use
closed
when using an evacuated tube for collection of electrolytes use a
red top tube
when collecting blood for a hematocrit test use a
lavender top
when collecting blood for cholesterol test use a __ top evacuated tube
red
the primary anticoagulant additive EDTA removes calcium by forming insoluble or un-ionized calcium salts. it has an advantage of preventing platelet clumping and the formation of artifacts, therefore, good for the preparation of
blood films
sodium citrate is an anticoagulant of choice for coagulation studies because it protects certain of the
pro-coagulants
the tube to collect whole blood with and additive in it has a __ stopper
lavender
the color coding for a stopper of a tube with no additives is (for collection of serum)
red
at the location where you are going to feel for a vein wrap the tourniquet around the arm approximately __ above the area
three to four inches
the cephalic, medial cubital, and basilic veins are __ used for venipuncture
primarily
when doing a venipuncture the syringe or tube should be ___ the venipuncture site to prevent back flow
below
when anticoagulated blood is centrifuged __ goes to the top of the tube
water
when anticoagulated blood is centrifuged ___ goes to the bottom of the tube
red blood cells
when collecting blood by skin puncture on an infant you should use a
lancet
the tube used to collect a blood sample for a complete blood count is
lavender top EDTA
which of these lab tests monitor anticoagulation therapy
pt and ptt
All of the following may result in HIV except:
insenct
Even though all of the following factors contribute to lab safety, the most crucial is:
worker attitude
Biohazards are quickly identified by the colors orange or red and/or:
the biohazard symbol
The CDC, a federal agency, formulated the best lab methods to protect lab workers against disease. These are:
Standard precautions
which one of the following evacuated tubes would be drawn first
red
making sure that a tube is correctly labeled with the patients complete name and identificaion number is part of the facilities ___ plan
quality control
when performing a venipuncture if no blood flows into the tube how would you correct this situation
gently insert the needle a little deeper
gently pull the need out just a little
remove the needle and tourniquet and prepare another site
if during a venipuncture a patient has a synocpal episode what would be your best course of action
remove the needle and tourniquet and lower the patients head and arms
the most appropriate site for performing a capillary puncture in a healthy adult is the
fingers
it is very important when performing a capillary stick to do which of the following
wipe away the first drop of blood
performing a __ as part of a complete blood count determines the ratio of the volume packed red blood cells to that of whole blood
hematocrit
___ values are increased in infections and inflammatory diease
erythrocyte sedimentation rates
what type of blood samples will be needed to perform a hemoglobin test
edta added
how many hematocrit tubes should be collected from the patient
2
what type of blood sample is needed when performing a pku
capillary
a ___ is a small sterile needle like piece of metal used to make small puncture in the dermis
lancet
in drug testing the ___ regulates describe how evidence is to be collected and handled
chain of custody
a(n) ___ requires the patient to be fasting and then blood is taken every hour for a predetermined time
glucose tolerance test
The absence of one or more complete cardiac cycles where the rhythm is interrupted is referred to as
sinus arrest
A special device called a "regulator" or "flow meter" is necessary when using
oxygen
oxygen is administered to the patient by way of a
catheter, cannula, and tent (all choices)
The clean-catch urine specimen is also called
clean-voided specimen and mid-stream specimen (both A and C)
A 24-hr urine specimen is also called
chilled/refrigerated
The fresh- fractional urine specimen is used to test urine for
sugar
Another term for acetone in the urine is
ketone bodies (ketones)
Which test measures both sugar and acetone in the urine
Keto-diastix
To help classify bacteria into two groups; gram-positive and gram-negative is a special stain called
gram stain
When preparing a blood smear from a skin puncture you should______ the first drop
wipe away
When you pull the second slide apart from the first slide, let them
air dry
When preparing a blood smear, the spreader slide must be made of
glass
When a drop of blood is placed on a slide, place a second slide_____ the first slide
on top
The glucose tolerance test is a_______test
timed
While ordering procedures may vary, generally a type and RH are ordered on all pregnant women. This normally is called a________screen
prenatal
Certain types of cultures, such as deep wound cultures could contain anaerobic pathogens. Which of the following conditions is required for their growth
absence of oxygen
To obtain a specimen for a throat culture the _________must be swabbed
nasopharynx and tonsillar area
A CLIA waived pregnacy test is based on the detection of which one of the following
human chorionic gonadotropin
When performing any CLIA waived test it is important to do which of the following
perform quality control testing with every new kit and routinely thereafter
Performing routine maintenance on lab equipment is critical. The maintenance plan should include which of the following
regularly scheduled check-ups, daily examination of equipment for frayed cords or broken parts, routine cleaning of the outside of the equipment with a damp towel
When testing for occult blood which of the following would be required
stool sample
When providing a patient instructions on the collection of a sample for occult blood testing. which of the following statements is correct
dietary modifications must occur for 48 hours prior to collection of the specimen
In the medical office the most frequently performed pulmonary function test is
spirometry
All of the following may result in HIV except:
Insects
Even though all of the following factors contribute to lab safety, the most crucial is:
Worker attitude
Biohazards are quickly identified by the colors orange or red and/or:
The biohazard symbol
The CDC, a federal agency, formulated the best lab methods to protect lab workers against disease. These are:
Standard Precautions
The pathogen that most affects the immune system is:
HIV
Vaccines are currently available for:
Hep B
The most effective instrument used to decontaminate biohazard materials is the:
Autoclave
The MSDS is included with all chemical shipments and describes the safety precautions and proper disposal of the chemicals. MSDS stands for:
Material Safety Data Sheet
Which of the following is the most effective safety method of disposal when the outside of the biohazard bag is contaminated with blood or other potentially infectious material?
Double bagging the contaminated bag
A disease-causing microorganism is called a:
Pathogen
Which of the following colors used on the "NFPA diamond" chemical hazard warning label represents a special hazard?
White
Which of the following colors used on the "NFPA diamond" chemical hazard warning label represents the health hazard?
Blue
Which of the following colors used on the "NFPA diamond" chemical hazard warning label represents flammability?
Red
Which of the following colors used on the "NFPA diamond" chemical hazard warning label represents chemical reactivity?
Yellow
Which of the following fluids are the least potentially infectious?
Sweat (other: blood, vaginal secretions, semen)
The control method that is based on the premise that all body fluids and tissues are potentially infectious is knownas:
Universal Precautions
All are identified as PPE:
Face shield; gloves; lab coat
Standard lab safety precautions include:
No mouth pipetting; no eating in the lab; keeping safety in mind
The safe method of disposing of contaminated needles is:
Putting the uncapped needle in a sharps container w/o removing it from the syringe
The conversion of a liquid to a mist is called:
Aerosolization
Post exposure prophylaxis is a treatment used after a lab worker has been exposed to:
Any bloodbourne pathogen
OSHA is located within which department of the US government?
Department of Labor
T/F: After washing your hands in the lab, turn off water facet with a separate paper towel.
True
T/F: All lab personnel should keep informed about current developments concerning serious communicable diseases.
True
T/F: Vaccines are available for protecting against HCV, and employers must offer these at no cost to the employee.
False
T/F: Any disease causing organism is considered a pathogen.
True
The term used to describe the tendency of things to deviate from their original state is:
Variability
The federal regulation that requires all labs to meet a minimum standard of quality is:
CLIA
Certificates of Waiver are issued to labs that:
Only perform waived tests
The ability to get the same results repeatedly is known as:
Precision
When all of the QC systems are working properly, the system is referred to as:
�in control�
All instrument repairs should be recorded in the:
Instrument maintenance log
Which of the following is the MOST likely to be the source of error in the lab?
Inattentive staff
T/F: Waived tests were previously referred to as "low" complexity.
True
T/F: Reproducibility is the ability to repeat test results
True
T/F: It is acceptable to use expired quality control material if the results are still good.
False
Urine can be analyzed for all of the following (properties):
physical properties
chemical properties
microscopic properties
The abbreviation for urinanalysis is:
UA
What are functions of UA:
screening large groups of ppl for disease
dx of suspected disease
monitoring the coarse of tx
A urine specimen that can be collected at any time without any special patient preparation is known as a:
Random specimen
Urine specimens collected upon waking up in the morning are known as:
First morning specimens
The highest concentration of analytes in a urine specimen is found in the:
First morning specimen
Urine specimens collected at specific time intervals are known as:
Timed urine specimens
Glucose tolerance test urines are analyzed to detect the presence of:
Sugar
Urine specimens that are cumulative specimens collected over a specific period of time are known as:
Volume specimens
Which of the following is best for performing quantitative analysis of urine?
24-hour specimen
When collecting a 24-hour specimen, what should be done with the first urination of the day on the first day?
Discard the specimen and record the time
How is a 24-hr specimen stored during and after collection?
Must be put on ice or kept cool; preservative tablet within container
The excretion of excessive amounts of urine is known as:
Polyuria
Excretion of less than 400 mL of urine in a 24 hours period is known as:
Oliguria
Patients with urinary tract obstruction are likely to present with which condition?
Anuria
A drug or chemical agent that causes an increase in urine output is known as
Diuretic
The procedure of placing a tube through the urethra into the bladder to collect urine is known as:
Urinary catheterization
If a physician suspects that a patient has a UTI, which type of urine specimen should you instruct the patient to collect?
Clean-catch, midstream
The advantage of the clean-catch, midstream urine specimen is that:
Prevent microbial contamination
Cleansing the perineum is a step in the collection of which of the following urine specimens?
Clean-catch, midstream
Sterile towelettes to clean the area around the urethra are used in the collection of which of the following urine specimens?
Clean-catch, midstream
Urine specimens can be left out at room temp for __________ after collection.
One hour
If urine specimens cannot be tested within one hour after collection, how should they be stored?
Refrigerated
The abbreviation for culture and sensitivity is:
C&S
Solid substances found in standing urine specimens are known as:
Urinary sediment
Which if the best quantitative UA?
24-hr urine
T/F: When labeling a urine specimen, you only need to label the lid.
False
T/F: The abbreviation for culture and sensitivity is C&S.
True
T/F: The abbreviation for urinanalysis is UA.
True
T/F: When testing a urine specimen, it is a generally acceptable procedure to either split the sample, or pipet the amount needed, before refrigerating what was not used.
True
T/F: You should discard a urine sample as soon as you complete the testing.
False
T/F; Bacteria can consume glucose and falsely decrease the result in urine that is not tested in a timely manner.
True
T/F: The urine specimen label must include the date and time.
True
T/F: Urine that has been preserved with chemicals can be used for routine urinalysis.
False
T/F: Urine collected in a child's diaper is acceptable for testing.
False
T/F: It is important that a patient not touch a specimen lid or the inside of the container when collecting a clean-catch, midstream urine specimen.
True
T/F: Female patients should wipe from front to back when cleaning the area for a clean-catch midstream specimen
True
T/F: Patients should be given both verbal and written instruction on the proper method of collecting a urine specimen.
True
T/F: Caffeine is associated with polyuria.
True
T/F: Urine excretion greater than 2,000 mL in a 24-hour period is known as polyuria.
True
T/F: The absence of urine formation is known as diuretic.
False
T/F: When a patient is being instructed on the procedure for collecting a 24-hr urine specimen, he or she should be advised to urinate into the 24-hr container to avoid spills.
False
T/F: When a 24-hr specimen is being collected, ALL of the urine specimens during that time period must be collected and saved.
True
T/F: When collecting a 24-hr specimen, on the first morning the patient should urinate into the toilet and record the time.
True
T/F: Urine specimens that are collected 2 hours after a patient has consumed a meal are known as two-hr postprandial urine specimens.
True
T/F: 2-hr postprandial specimens can be either urine or blood, and are used to test for blood sugar.
True
T/F: A disadvantage of first morning specimens is that red and white blood cells may decompose after concentrating in urine overnight.
True
T/F: Antimicrobial agents inhibit the growth of microbes, and act as a diuretic.
True
If urine is outside of the optimal temperature range of _____ to _____ degrees F, this is a sign that the specimen has been adulterated.
90.5 - 99 degrees F
T/F: The MA can interpret lab results.
False (only physician)
T/F: Job duties can be found in the policies and procedure manual.
True
A substance that is tested for in a lab procedure is a(n):
Analyte
Which is the most common analyte tested for in 2-hr urine specimen, and is described as bile pigment formed directly from bilirubin by bacterial action in the intestine?
Urobilinogen
UTI can be diagnosed by the presence of bacteria (or lipids) in urine specimens. Instead of a clear, straw yellow color, it will have a uniform appearance of __________, or milky, and will not clear when the sample is acidified.
Opalescence
T/F: If the urine has a dark brown color, as opposed to straw yellow, it could be caused by dehydration.
True
Turbidity in a urine specimen could be caused by the presence of:
A drug or chemical agent that causes an increase in urine output is known as:
Diuretic
If a physician suspects that a patient has a UTI, which type of urine specimen should you instruct the patient to collect?
Clean-catch, midstream
Cleansing the perineum is a step in the collection of which of the following urine specimens?
Clean-catch, midstream
What information is NOT required on a urine specimen label?
Amount of urine collected
If urine specimens cannot be tested within one hour after collection, how should they be stored?
Refrigerated
What are the 2 main indications that urine has been left out too long without refrigeration, causing the uria to be converted into ammonia?
1- glucose levels decrease
2- breakdown of casts/sediments
Name 2 automatic indications that a urine specimen has been adulterated or tampered with.
1 - temperature that is deviated from the normal range of 90.5 - 99 degrees F
2 - diluted or clear appearance (possibility of excess water intake)
The abbreviation for culture and sensitivity is:
C&S
Which of the following is NOT a reason for urine drug screen?
routine pediatric screening
The average adult body contains __________ liters of blood.
5 - 6
Which tests uses blood collection in a tan toped tube?
Lead
T/F: The MA cannot participate in lab testing.
False
T/F: order of the draw is different when using a butterfly or winged infusion.
False
T/F: After venous blood is collected it is okay to open the rubber top of the vacuum tube.
False
The size of needles used for collecting donor units of blood is:
16 - 18 gauge
Yellow-topped tubes are used to collect blood for:
Blood cultures
The black-topped tube contains the following additive:
Sodium citrate
In the orange or grey/yellow topped tube, what additive is found that will increase the time of coagulation?
Thrombin
ESR is the same lab essay as:
Sed rate
Another term for fainting is:
Syncope
When hemoglobin is released and plasma becomes tinged with pink or red, this cx is referred to as:
Hemolysis
What should stop the health care worker from collecting blood from a patient's arm vein?
Mastectomy
If a patient is allergic to iodine, what can beused as an alternative to cleanse the puncture site for blood collection?
Chlorohexidine
If blood is to be collected for a fasting blood glucose level, the patient must fast for:
8 - 12 hours
The basal state occurs:
In the early morning, about 12 hours after food intake
After the needle is inserted for a venipuncture and the blood begins to squirt out in pulses, this might indicate:
An artery has been penetrated
When the area around a venipuncture site begins to swell and blood is leaking into tissues, this is referred to as a/an:
hematoma
Small red spots appearing on a patient's skin may be a result of complications from:
Blood clotting abnormalities
A blood clotting abnormality such as thrombocytopenia can sometimes be detected by seeing:
Petechiae (small red spots) on the patient�s skin
To avoid having the vein collapse during venipuncture on an elderly patient, it is best to use:
A smaller needle size
What is the most common agent used to decontaminate a venipuncture site?
Isopropanol
For inexperienced phlebotomists, when learning how to decontaminate the venipuncture site, it is most important to wipe down the area:
By rubbing in concentric circles from inside out
The term "3-way match" refers to patient identification. It means that the phlebotomist must have the following:
Stated name (1) must match the requisition (2) and the armband (3)
If a patient is burned near the right elbow, where would the preferred venipuncture location be?
Left arm's AC area
If there is a large bandage covering a deep wound on the dorsal side of the right wrist, where is the wound and where would the preferred venipuncture location be?
The wound is on the backside of the right wrist; the venipuncture should be in the AC area of the left arm
For an inexperienced phlebotomist, when learning how to locate arm veins, it is most important to learn how to:
Feel the vein
A phlebotomist was having trouble finding a vein on a hospitalized patient, even after leaving the tourniquet on for a couple of minutes, asking the patient to clench her fist, and dangling the patient�s arm off the side of the bed. The phlebotomist decided to warm the site and try again later. Which step was inappropriate?
Leaving the tourniquet on too long
Coagulation tests can be affected by ingestion of:
Aspirin
Excessive, vigorous mixing of a blood specimen for coagulation can lead to:
Shortened clotting time
Why are bandages after a venipuncture not recommended for small children?
Risk of irritation and swallowing the bandage
What is another term for the fluid found in tissue?
Interstitial
How many times can the venipuncture apparatus (lancet or sharp) be used for finger sticks on the same patient? Once
When learning how to decontaminate a skin puncture site, it is most important to wipe the area: Then allow it to dry
Sometimes a patient�s veins are �saved for therapy.� In such case, what type of specimen collection is preferred?
Fingerstick technique
A phlebotomist was supposed to perform a skin puncture on a patient, but the patient had very cold, pale hands. What step should the phlebotomist consider next? What could this mean?
Warming the hand, may have poor peripheral vascular circulation
A phlebotomist was assigned to perform a glucose screening test on a pregnant woman in a doctor's office. The phlebotomist noticed that the patient just finished eating her sack lunch. What extra step should a phlebotomist take?
Document the non-fasting condition
If a patient is known to have poor peripheral circulation, what type of specimen collection will NOT work well for her?
Fingerstick technique
Fingerstick procedures are NOT recommended for:
Coagulation tests
Before a blood donation, the blood collector must always check the blood donor's:
Hematocrit and hemoglobin value
Hemoglobin represents:
Blood protein, and the ability for the blood to transport O2 from the lungs to the cells of the body
The suffix enemia only pertains to:
Blood
If a physician orders a CBC with diff, the lab will use an automated cell counter (ACC) to determine:
The 5 different types of WBCs (N, B, E, L, )
The term for RBC formation, which occurs in red bone marrow, is:
erythropoiesis
Erythrocytopenia is the term for:
Decreased RBCs
Leukocytopenia is the term for:
Decreased WBCs
Thrombocytopenia is the term for:
Decreased platelets
If a vein is marked with "SVT," this means means:
The vein is "saved for therapy," most likely the patient is undergoing chemotherapy
T/F: When a patient�s blood is drawn, the MA must always ensure that proper specimen labeling has occurs and that the blood stored correctly until the lab courier has arrived for pick-up
True
T/F: Venous blood has a higher concentration of O2, explaining it�s bright red color.
False
When working in a physician office lab, you must comply with guidelines of:
OSHA & CDC
Before scheduling a dx test, the office must contact the insurance carrier to:
Obtain approval if required; determine facilities are approved for payment; confirm coverage
If a claim is denied because pre-certification is not obtained:
Either the patient or the ordering physician is responsible for charges
When removing the isolation PPE, the first item that is taken off is:
Gloves
If a lab worker is correcting an error on a paper document, the following should be done:
Mark a single line through and write �error�
A phlebotomist walks into a patient�s room to collect a blood specimen. The patient does not have an armband, but is conscious. What should the phlebotomist do?
Ask the nurse to positively ID the patient
A phlebotomist walks into a patient�s room to collect a blood specimen. There are several family members there and one of them asks about the interpretation of the patient�s lab results. What should the phlebotomist do?
Suggest that the member address the question to the patient and his doctor, then ask the patient if it is okay to have the family step outside during the procedure
If a doctor is ordering a lab test on an emergency basis, how should/would it be indicated?
As a STAT notation on the test request
The quality of blood specimens can be affected by:
Timing of transport, centrifuge method, method of transport
The specimen tubes should be stored:
In an upright position with a secure closure
Glycolic action is:
Breakdown of glucose
Name on reason that times tests are important.
Help confirm drug dosage
What is another term for a winged infusion?
Butterfly
A phlebotomists walks into a patients room to collect a blood specimen. There are several family members in the room with the patient watching television. What should the phlebotomists do?
Ask the patient if it is okay for the family to step outside for the procedure
How many times can sterile needles be used for routine venipuncture?
Once
Which of the following has the highest percentage of needlestick injuries?
Butterfly needles
Which of the following is the vacuum blood collection tube of choice for CBC blood collection?
Purple (lavender) topped tube
Which of the following is the vacuum blood collection tube of choice for glucose testing?
Grey-topped tube
Which of the following is the anticoagulant of choice for coagulation blood studies?
Sodium citrate
Which of the following tests usually requires blood collected in a royal blue topped vacuum blood collection tube?
Trace elements
The yellow-topped vacuum blood collection tube has the following additive:
SPS
Which of the following additives prevent coagulation of blood by removing calcium through formation of insoluble calcium salts
EDTA; potassium oxalate; sodium citrate
Which of the following is the best for the sterile blood collection for nutritional studies?
Royal blue-topped tube
Which of the following blood collection tubes has a glycolytic inhibitor?
Grey-topped tube
Which of the following tests uses specimens collected in a light blue-topped collection tube?
PT & PTT
T/F: Blood consists of plasma and the cellular components of RBCs, WBCs, and platelets.
True
T/F: RBCs play an important role in the body�s immune defense and protect against disease.
False
T/F: The primary function of platelets is to clot blood.
True
T/F: Some blood collection tubes have additives to assist with the chemical testing to be performed.
True
T/F: It does not matter the order in which blood is collected into the tubes.
False
T/F: The most common venipuncture site is the AC fossa.
True
T/F: When drawing a blood sample, you should tell the patient that it will not hurt.
False
T/F: A hematocytometer is used for manual WBC and platelet counts.
True
T/F: Automated cell counters and chemical analyzers reduce the risk of human error.
True
T/F: A tourniquet can be applied for an unlimited amount of time prior to blood draw.
False
T/F: MAs must follow OSHA guidelines and Universal Precautions when obtaining blood specimens.