Chapter 9 Drug Use and the Substance Use Disorders

a dangerous practice of rapid alcohol consumption, defined as four or more drinks in a row for a woman or five or more drinks in a row for a man

a defense mechanism in which an individual fails to acknowledge an obvious reality

DSM diagnosis for substance use that has negative consequences

DSM diagnosis for substance use that is compulsive, out of control, and has negative consequences, often including phsycial dependance on the substance

the body's adaptation to a substance as indicated by the need for increased amounts of the substance to achieve the desired effect or obtaining less effective response to using the same amount over time

physical or psychological symptoms that occur when substance use is decreased or stopped

the misure of three or more substances

the coexistence of a substance use diagnosis and another Axis I or II diagnosis for a client

substances that slow CNS functions

another term for alcohol dependance

a syndrome consisting of mental retardation, growth impairment, and facial distortions in a child, caused by intrauterine alcohol exposure related to a mother's drinking during pregnancy

substances used to promote relaxation

substances used to promote sleep

an anxiety-reducing effect

tolerance extending across drungs within a class

the muliplication of effects when two or more drugs of the same class are taken together

all of the derivatives--natural and synthetic-- of the opium poppy

another term for opioids

pain relief

internal or natural

the first endogenous opioids to be discovered

a class of endogenous opioids known as the cause of "runner's high"

substances that increase CNS functions

a powerful stimulant derived from the leaes of the coca plant

synthetic stimulants with a chemical structure similar to that of the neurotransmitters dopamine and norepinephrine

a mild stimulant in the leaves of the tobacco plant

a mild stimulant found in many foods and beverages

substances that produce hallucinatory changes in the sensory perception

lysergic acid diethylamide, a potent synthetic hallucinogen

the active ingredient found in mushrooms with hallucinogenic properties

a small, carrot- shaped cactus containing mescaline found mostly in mexico and central america

a hallucinogenic substance found in peyote

the world's most widely used illegal substance, derived from the cannabic plant

the amount of time it takes for half of a substance to be eliminated from the body

a synthetic amphetamine/stimulant with some hallucinogenic properties

phencyclidine, a substane of abuse originally developed as an animal anesthetic

a shorter-active derivatie of PCP still used as an anesthetic

gamme-hydroxybutyrate, a so-called natural bodybuilding and sleep aid that has become a popular club drug

chemicals that produce a "high" when inhaled

a synthetic substype of steroids resembling testosterone that tend to increase muscle mass and are often abused with the aim of enhancing athletic performance or physique

research that studies subjects over time

the abuse of substances to compensate for deficianes in neurochemisty or to soothe unpleasant emotional states

the hypothesis that continued use of a substance can precipitate a biologically based switch from controlled use to addiction

the practice of providing opioid addicts with a substitute opioid in a safe, medically monitored setting

a behavioral explanation of substance mususe based on the ability of drugs to relieve distress (i.e. negative renforcement)

behavioral intervention involving pairing unpleasant emotional images with unwanted behaviors, such as drug used

behavioral technique involving pairing an unwanted behavior with an aversive stimulus in order to classically condition a connection between them

the use of reinforcements and punishments to shape behavior in adaptive directions

mental models of the world used to organize information

negative thoughts generated by negative cognitive schemes

therapy techniques that forcuso n changing irrational and problematic thoughts

a treatment for substance misuse that emphasizes engagement of the client's social network of friends and family in treatment

a relationship in which family members unconsciously collude with the substances misuse of another member even though they may consciously oppose it

in family therapy, the family's perception of who in the family is trouble

a multimodal therapy method for enhancing motivation to change by exploring and resolving ambivalence