-
-
-
Stationary blood clot
thrombus
-
blood clot that travel through the vascular system untill it lodges in blood vessels.
embolus
-
-
separation of wound layers
Dehiscence
-
the separation of wound along with the protrusion of abdominal organs
Evisceration
-
the absence of nomal intestinal(ileus) function from the lack of peristalsis after surgery
Post-operative ileus
-
Thrombus causing inflammation of a vein
thrombophlebitis
-
when organs and tissues do not get enough blood because of an inadequate amount of blood
hypovolemic shock
-
the collapse of portion of lung
atelectasis
-
when layers of the skin rub against each other, or ........ is when the skin remains in place and underlying tissues move and stretch and tear underlying capillaries and blood vessels
shear
-
A localized injury to the skin and/ or underlying tissue usually over a bony prominence resulting from pressure or pressure in combination with shear and/ or friction; any lesion caused by unrelieved pressure that results in damage to underlying tissues
Pressure ulcer. decubitus ulcer.
-
dead tissue that is shed from the skin; it is usually light colored, soft, and moist; stringy.
slough
-
thick, leathery dead tissue that may be losse or adgered to the skin; it is often black or brown
eschar
-
Rapid and deep respirations followed by 10-30 second of apnea
Biot's respiration
-
respirations gradually increase in rate and depth and then become shallow and slow; breathing may stop(apnea) for 10-20 second
Cheyne-strokes respirations
-
Difficult, labored, or painful breathing
dyspnea
-
-
a reduced amount of oxygen in the blood
hypoxemia
-
cells do not have enough oxygen
hypoxia
-
very deep and rapid respiration
kussmaul respiration
-
Breathing deeply and comfortably only when sitting
orthopnea breathing
-
when breathing stops
respiratory arrest
-
slow, week respirations at a rate of fewer than 12 per minute
respiratory depression
-
the pleura is punctured. air or fluid is removed from it
thoracentesis
-
laboratory test measure the amount of O2 in the blood "Pulse Oximetry"
Arterial blood gas(ABGs)
-
Blood in the pleural space.
Hemothorax
-
the escape and collection of fluid in the pleural space
Pleural effusion
-
air in the pleural space
pneumothorax
-
a surgically created opening into the trachea
tracheostomy
-
intubation; inserted through the mouth into the pharynx
Oropharyngeal airway intubation
-
intubation; inserted through the mouth or nose and into the trachea.
Endotracheal tube(ET tube) intubation.
-
Tracheostomy tube
Tracheostomy tube
-
a build up of lymph in the tissue causing edema
lymphedema
-
plaque on artery wall
atherosclerosis
-
-
Heart muscle death
Myocadial Infarction
-
cardioversion; electrical shock is given to stop an abnormal rhythm
defibrillation
-
areas of tissue in the heart sending abnormal electrical signals are destroyed
ablation
-
COPD
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
-
continuous bronchitis
chronic bronchitis
-
Trapped air; barrel chest
emphysema
-
virus infection; influenza
flu; influenza
-
bacterial infection in the lung
tuberculosis
-
cancer involving cells in the immune system
Hodgkins lymphoma & Non Hodgkin's lymphoma
-
the field of medicine focused on the treatment and control of obesity
bariatrics
-
the branch of medicine concerned with problems and diseases of old age and older person
geriatrics
-
the person weighs 100lb or more over his or her normal weight
morbid obesity
-
the branch of medicine concerned with the care of woman during pregnancy, labor, and child birth and for 6 to 8 weeks after birth
obstetrics
-
chicken pox
air borne; direct contact with skin lesions
-
-
diphtheria
respiratory secretion, skin lesion
-
measles
rubeola; nasal secretions
-
German measles
rubella; air borne or direct contact with secretions from nose
-
Mumps
epidemic parotitis; direct contact with saliva droplets
-
whooping cough
pertussis; Air borne, direct contact with droplets from respiratory tract
-
poliomyelitis
Air borne, direct contact with respiratory secretion or feces
-
Scarlet fever
Air borne, or direct contact with nasal & pharyngeal secretions
-
loss of epidermis caused by scratching or when skin rubs against skin, clothing, or other material
excoriation
-
decubitus ulcer
circularory ulcer; vascular ulcer
-
venous ulcer
stasis ulcer
-
swelling that contains blood
hematoma
-
inflammation of the mouth
stomatitis
-
the loss of cognitive function that interferes with routine personal, social, and occupational activities
dimentia
-
false dementia mostly case of dilirium& depression
pseudodementia
-
a state of sudden, serere confusion and rapid changes in brain function; usually temporary & reversible
Delirium
-
Signs, symptoms and behaviors of Alzheimer's disease during hours of darkness
Sundowning
-
seeing, hearing, smelling, or felling something that is not real
hallucination
-
-
disorder of the mind; the person has false beliefs and suspicion about a person or situation
paranoia
-
a condition of acidity low PH(below 7.35)
Acidosis
-
Acondition of basicity high PH(above 7.45)
Alkalosis
-
a condition resulting from excessive ketones(break down prodect from fats) in the blood; common during starvation and acute attacks of diabetes mellitus
ketosis
-
death of cell or group of cells due to injury or disease
necrosis
-
abnormal mass of proliferating cells. (benign or malignant)
neoplasm
-
cancer causers
carcinogen
-
canser causing genes
oncogenes
-
benign forms of oncogenes
proto-oncogenes
-
genetic disease resulting in abnormalities of connective tissue; People with ................ tend to be unusually tall, with long limbs and long, thin fingers.
Marfan's syndrome
-
lack of vitamin C needed to synthesize collagen
scuvy
-
cancer arising in epitherium
carcinoma
-
cancer arising in connective tissue
sarcoma
-
-
malignant adenoma
adenocarcinoma
-
cancer on mesothelium(searosa)
Mesothelioma
-
separation of epidermis & dermis
blister
-
dermal tearing
stretch mark
-
cyanosis
heart failure or severe respiratory disorders "blue skin"
-
redness or erythma
fever, hypertension, inflammation, allergy
-
pallor or blanching
pale, anemia, low blood pressure
-
juundice
yellow, liver disorder, yellow bile pigment on blood(bilirubin)
-
Bronzing
metalic appearance, Addison's disease adrenal cortex produce inadequate amount of steroid or pituitary gland tomors inappropriately secrete melanocyte stimulating hormons
-
Black and blue marks or bruises
clot under the skin- hematoma(blood swelling); contusion
-
Inherited condition in which melanocytes do not synthersize melanin
Albinism
-
Inflammation of hair folicles & sebaceous glands
boils & carbuncles
-
small blisters around libs by herpes virus, emotional upset, fever, UV radiation can cause
cold sores(fever blister)
-
itching, redness, and swelling progressing to blister formation caused by chemicals(eg: poison ivy) provoke allegic reaction
contact dermatitis
-
bedsore caused by interference with its blood supply usually happened over bony prominence
decubitus ulser
-
skin rash characterized by itching, blistering, oozing scaling of the skin. a common allergic reaction in children
eczema
-
a group of hereditary disorders caused by inadequate or faulty synthesis of keratin, collagen, BM"cement" that result in lack of cohesion between layers of skin and mucosa "Touch me not"
Epidermolysis bullosa(EB)
-
pink, fluid-filled, raised lesion(mouth & nose) developed yellow crust and eventually rupture, caused by staphylococcus infection, it is contagious
Impetigo; school sore
-
An inherited condition enzymes need to form the "heme" are lacking sunlight make lesions and scar/ finger, toe, nose disfigured, gums degenerates and teeth become prominant folklore about Vampire
porphyria
-
the most prevalent skin pigmentation disorder an autoimmune disorder "white, pink area of skin"
vitiligo
-
sustained high blood levels of Ca++ undesirable deposits of Ca++ in the blood vessels, kidneys, other organs.
hypercalcemia
-
"soft bone" osteoid is produced, but calcium salts are not deposite, so bones soften and weaken
osteomalacia
-
children disease of osteomalacia. Young bones are still growing rapidly, so it is much more severe, deformities of bone caused by insufficient calcium in the diet or vitamin D deficiency.
Rickets
-
excessive and haphazard bone deposit and endochondrial bone growth "dwarftism"
Achondroplasia
-
abnormal projection from a bone
bony spur
-
-
inflamation of bony tissue
osteitis
-
brittle bone disease, a disorder in which the bone matrix contains inadequate amount of collagen
osteogenesis imperfecta
-
inflamation of bone and bone marrow
osteomyelitis
-
-
fracture in a diseased bone involving slight or no physical trauma
pathologic fracture
-
"pulling" Placing sustained tension on a body region to keep the part of a fractured bone in proper alignment
Traction
-
painful or difficult urination
dysuria
-
blood in the urine
hematuria
-
voiding; urination
micturition
-
Frequent urination of night
nocturia
-
scant amount of urine less than 500 ml in 24 hour
oliguria
-
abnormally large amount of urine
polyuria
-
indwelling catheter
retention/ foley catheter
-
inability to void
urinary retention
-
UTI
urinary track infection
-
-
the process of passing urine large amount of urine are produced - 1000 ml to 5000 ml / a day
diuresis
-
semi-liquid substances that mixture with food & gastric juice
chyme
-
corn-shaped, solid drug that is inserted into rectum
suppository
-
introduction of fluid into the rectum and lower colon
Enema
-
surgically created opening between the colon and abdomal wall
colostomy
-
sugically created opening between the ileum &the abdominal wall
ileostomy
-
opening seen through the abdominal wall
stoma
-
stomach contents flow back from the stomach into the esophagus; major symtom is heart burn
Gastro Esophageal Reflux Disease(GERD)
-
inflammation of esophagus
Esophagitis
-
upper part of the stomach is above the diaphragm
hiatal hernia
-
the pouches bulge outward through weak spot in the colon
- Diverticulum (diverticulare : to turn inside out)
- diverticulosis
- diverticulitis
-
lack of insulin production, child diabetes
Type 1
-
body system's absorbtion of insulin is decreased.
Type 2
-
pregnant woman's diabetes
gestational diabetes
-
inflammation of kidney and pelvis
pyelonephritis
-
BPH
benign prostatic hyperplasia
-
surgically creating opening between a ureter and abdomen; patient who has problem with bladder and urethra
urostomy
-
the process of passing urine; large amount of urine are produced -1000 to 5000 ml a day
diuresis
-
STD occurs in woman; men are carriers
Trichomoniasis
-
difficulty of swallowing
dysphagia
-
giving nutrients into the GI tract through a feeding tube
enteral nutrition
-
a feeding tube inserted through a surgically created opening in the stomach ; stomach tube
gastrostomy tube
-
the backward flow of stomach contents into the mouth
regurgitation
-
a feeding tube inserted into the stomach through a small incision made through the skin ; a lighted instrument is used to see inside a body cavity or organ
- percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube;
- PEG tube
-
TPN
total parenteral nutrition
-
profuse sweating
diaphoresis
-
-
-
excessive body hair
hirsutism
-
infestation
capitis (head)
coporis(body)
pubis(pubis)
pediculosis
-
a relatively common congenital defect(1:700 birth) in which the soles of the feet face medially and toes point inferiorly
club foot
-
surgical removal of a vertebral lamina; most often done to relieve the symtoms of a ruptured disc
laminectomy
-
measurement of the dimensions of the inlet and outlet of the pelvis, usually to determine whether the pelvis is of adequate size to allow normal delivery of baby
pelvimetry
-
congenital defect of the vertebral column in which one or more of the vertebral arches are incomplete; impair neural functioning and encourage nervous system infections
spina bifida
-
Surgical procedure involving insertion of bone chips( or crushed bone) to immobilize and stabilize a specific region of vertebral column, particulary in cases of vertebral fracture and herniated discs
spinal fusion
-
Healthybone and cartilege are removed from one part of the body and transplanted to the injured joint
osteochondral grafting
-
healthy chondrocytes are removed from the body, cultivated in the lab, and implanted at the damaged joint
autologous chondrocyte implantation
-
undifferentiated mesenchymal cell are removed from bone marrow and placed in a gel, which is packed into an area of eroded cartilage
mesenchymal stem cell regeneration
-
내시경 관절 수술
arthroscopic surgery
-
ligaments reinforcing a joint are stretched or torn dislocation; luxation; bones are forced out of alignment
sprain
-
inflammation of a bursa and is usually caused by a blow or friction
bursitis
-
inflammation of tendon sheaths; typically caused by overuse
tendonitis
-
chronic, degenerative condition of joint
osteoarthritis
-
autoimmune disease, inflammatory disorder
rheumatoid arthritis
-
uric acid based inflammatory response
gouty arthritis
-
inflammatory disease caused by spirochete bacteria transmitted by bites of ticks that live on mice & deer
lyme disease
-
a variant of rheumatoid arthritis that chiefly affects males; it usually begins in the sacroiliac joints and progresses superiorly along the spine. The vertebrae become interconnected by fibrous tissue, causing the spine to become rigid (poker back)
Anklosing spodylitis
-
study of Joint
Arthrology
-
joint reforming; replacing a diseased joint with an artificial joint
arthroplasty
-
damage and softening of articular catilage on the posterior patella surface and the anterior surface of the distal femur
chondromalacia patellae
-
a term used by lay people to indicate disease involving muscle or joint pain
rheumatism
-
infammation of the synovial membrane of a joint copious amounts of synovial fluid to be produced leading to swelling and limitation of movement
sinovitis
-
the total or partial loss of the ability to use or understand language
aphasia
-
-
a ringing, roaring, hissing, or buzzing sound in the ear or head
tinnitus
-
-
-
not to act or perform; cannot use speech muscle, understand & know what to say, but the brain cannot coordinate the speech muscle to make the words.
Apraxia
-
difficult speech; it is caused by nervous system damage; mouth and face muscles are affected; slurred speech, speaking slowly or softly, hoarseness, and drooling also can occur
dysarthria
-
clouding of the lens
cataracts
-
causes damage to optic nerves; no drains or not proper drainage of eye fluid; damage optic nerves by pressure; 시야가 점점 좁아짐; no cure
glaucoma
-
tiny blood vessels in the retina are damaged by diabetes; 검은 이물질이 시야를 가림.
diabetic retinopathy
-
blurs central vision; age related; 시야 중간에 흐릿한 원형의 가림막이 보임.
macular degeneration
-
infection of the middle ear; it often begins with infections that cause sore throats; cold or other respiratory infections; virus or bacteria
otitis media
-
inner ear disease, increased fluid in the inner ear
Meniere's disease
-
loss of muscle function, sensation or both
paralysis
-
disease that affects the arteries that supply blood to the brain
Stroke(CVA: celebro vascular accident)
-
slow, progressive disorder with no cure
tremore; ridged; stiff muscle; slow movement; stooped posture; impaired balance; mask like expression
Parkinson's disease
-
the myelin is destroyed, no cure
Multiple sclerosis
-
disease that attacks the nerve cells that control voluntary muscles; commonly called ................
- Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
- Lou Gehrig's disease
-
head injury; TBI
Traumatic Brain Injury
-
this syndrome occurs with spinal cord injuries above the mid thoracic level; there is uncontrolled stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system; risk of stroke, MI, death
autonomic dysreflexia
-
a disease characterized by drooping upper eyelids difficulty swallowing and talking and generalized muscle weakness, involves a shortage of ACh receptors; autoimmune disease
myasthenia gravis
-
stiffness after death; cross bridge formation
rigor mortis
-
Tumor of glial cells
glioma
-
a group of inherited muscle; destroying diseases that generally appear during childhood
muscular dystrophy
-
by the age 30- gradual loss of muscle mass
salcopenia
-
chronic inflammation of a muscle; its connective tissue covering and tendons, and capsules of nearby joints
fibromyositis; fibromyalgia
-
protrusion of an organ through its body cavity wall
hernia
-
-
any disease of muscle
myopathy
-
often refered pain; inflammation of muscle fascicle.
myafacical pain syndrome
-
RICE
Rest, Ice, compression, elevation; treatment for pulled muscle
-
a sudden, involuntary twitch in muscle
spasm
-
-
-
1. state of sustained contraction of a muscle
2. an acute infectious disease caused by Clostridium tetani; persistent painful spasm of some of the skeletal muscle; lock jaw
tetanus
-
a muscle contusion
charley horse
-
common term for pain in the anterior compartment of leg
shin splints
-
tenderness due to trauma or overuse of the tendon of origin of the forearm extensor muscle at lateral epicondyle of the humerus
Tennis elbow
-
wryneck; a twisting of the neck
torticollis
-
a viral infection of the nervous system transmitted by the bite of an infected mammal
rabies
-
a viral infection of sensory neurons serving the skin
shingles
-
injuries and disorders of the muscles, tendons, ligaments joints and cartilege
MSD; MusculoSkeletal Disorders
-
loss of muscle strength from inactivity
deconditioning
-
abnormally low bloodpressure when the person suddenly stands up; postural hypotension
orthostatic hypotension
-
a brief loss of consciousness; fainting
syncope
-
act of walking
ambulation
-
similar body parts are affected on both side of the body
diplegia
-
extra 21st chromosome, total 47 chromosome high risk of leukemia
down syndrome
-
inherited intellectual disabilities; girls often have milder symtoms than boys
Fragile X syndrome
-
a group of disorders involving muscle weakness or poor muscle control; the defect is in the motor region of the brain; the defect is from brain damage before
cerebral palsy
-
the person cannot control movement ; not fixed; the person has constant, slow, weaving, or writhing motions; drooling and grimacing result
athetoid
-
vertebrae do not form properly; a split in the vetebrae with spinal cord unprotected
spina bifida
-
hidden spina bifida
spina bifida occulta
-
pouched spina bifida
spina bifid cystica
-
spina bifid cystica; no spinal cord in the sac
meningocele
-
spina bifid cystica; spinal cord in the sac
meningomyelocele; myelomeningocele
-
cerebrospinal fluid collects in the around brain
hydrocephalus
-
impotence
eretile dysfunction
-
-
any unauthorized touching of another person
battery
-
any threatened or implied act, whether carried out or not
assult
-
failure to meet the standard of care that can be resonably expected from a person with certain traing and experience
negligence
-
professional negligence
malpractice
-
written defamation of character
libel
-
spoken defamation of character
slender
-
prediction of possible outcome of the disease and potential for recovery
prognosis
-
caused by pressure on nerve in the wrist as a result of repetitive movement or trauma
carpal tunnel syndrom
-
caused by clostridium bacteria kills muscle tissue
gangrene
-
torn ligament; loosening of joint
sprain
-
sudden tearing of muscle fibers; pulled muscle
strain
-
a chronic neuromuscular disease that causes gradually increasing muscle weakness
myasthenia gravis
-
a chronic, noncontagious, inherited skin disease in which too many epithelial cells are produced
psoriasis
-
caused by viral infection of the skin
warts
-
red blood cells not developed due to poor absorption of vitamin B12
pernicious anemia
-
inadequate hemoglobin due to iron shortage
iron deficiency anemia
-
bone marow destroyed anemia
aplastic anemia
-
mediterranean anemia
thalassemia
-
a ballooning out of arterial wall that weakens the wall and disrupts blood flow
aneurysm
-
heart pain caused by an inadequate supply of oxygen to the heart by coronary arteries
angina pectoris
-
a hardning or thickening of the arterial walls resulting in loss of elasticity and contractility
Atherosclerosis
-
inflammation of inner lining and heart valve
endocarditis
-
inflammation of cardiac muscle
myocarditis
-
inflammation of pericardium
pericarditis
-
blood cancer; an abnormal increase in white blood cells that are immature and less effective than mature cells in fighting infections; WBC replace RBC and become anemic
Leukemia
-
blood poisoning
Septicema
-
dilated veins filled with blood; loose elasticity
varicose vein
-
AIDS
Aquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome
-
autoimmune; affect CT; Inflammation caused by ..........can affect many different body systems — including your joints, skin, kidneys, blood cells, brain, heart and lungs.
Systemic lupus erythematosus
-
is an autoimmune disease, a disorder in which the immune system turns against the body's own tissues; the immune system attacks the thyroid. This can lead to hypothyroidism.
Hashimoto's disease
-
infection of tonsils(filtering through their lymph tissue)
tonsilitis
-
asthma, chronic bronchilitis, emphysema
COPD
-
nasal mucosa, runny nose; upper respiratory infection
rhinitis
-
sinuses, headache; upper respiratory infection
sinusitis
-
sore throat; upper respiratory infection
phalyngitis
-
hoarseness; upper respiratory infection
laryngitis
-
the abnormal accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity
ascites
-
the presence of stones in gallbladder
cholelithiasis
-
an inflammation of the gallbladder
cholecystitis
-
an inflammation of the mucous membranes that line the stomach and intestines caused by food poisoning infection and toxins
gastroenteritis
-
lining of the stomach becomes inflamed and can be caused by spicy foods &certain medications
gastritis
-
painful, dilated veins in the lower rectum or anus
hemorrhoids
-
pancreatitis/ peritonitis
peritonitis/ pancreatitis
-
an open sore in the lining of the digestive system
ulcer
-
stomach or duodenum ulcer
peptic ulcer
-
stomach ulcer
gastric ulcer
-
a severe inflammation of the colon with formation of ulcers and abscesses
ulcerative colitis
-
nephrons are unable to filter liquid waste form the blood
renal failure(kidney)
-
the build up of waste products in the blood
uremia
-
-
inflammation of urethra; Urinary tract infection
urethritis
-
bladder inflammation; urinary tract infection
cystitis
-
inflammation of eyelid caused by bacteria or irritation from a particle of debris; pink eye
conjunctivitis
-
nearsightness; hard to see far object
myopia
-
farsightedness; hard to see near object
hyperopia
-
blurred vision; imperfect curvature of the cornea
astigmatism
-
loss of lens elasticity; nomal aging process
presbyopia
-
2 types of hearing loss
- conductive hearing loss
- sensory hearing loss
-
inner ear inflammation
labyrinthitis
-
TIAs
Transient ischemic attacks; mini stroke
-
CVA
celebrovascular accident
-
infection of the brain
encephalitis
-
a disorder of the brain resulting from abnormal electrical impulses in the neurons
epilepsy
-
inflammation of a nerve
neuritis
-
-
caused by inadequate hormon production by adrenal cortex; excessive skin pigmentation; decreased sugar&salt in the blood, and decreased blood prssure
Addison's disease
-
excessive hormone production of the adrenal cortex triggered by over secretion of ACTH(Adreno CorticoTropic Hormone from anterior pituitary); Result in a redistribution of fat to create a more round face " moon face" and a jump below the back of neck "buffalo hump"; increase BP, hirsutism, easy bruising
Cushing's syndrome
-
unusual thirst; symtoms of diabetes mellitus
polydipsia
-
unusual hunger; symtoms of diabetes mellitus
polyphagia
-
caused by excessive parathomone that result in an increased Ca++ blood level; The excessive Ca++ levels cause stone formation in the urinary system and elsewhere; the bones are also robbed their calcium, and this make them vulnerable to fracture
Hyperparathyroidism
-
caused be inadequate parathormone and result in a decreased Ca++ blood level that interrupt the nomal function of nerves; this causes a condition called tetany, convulsive muscle twitching, and lead to death, if the respiratory muscles are affected
Hypoparathyroidsm
-
caused by excessive growth hormone(anterior) in adult; it causes an enlargement in the bones of the hand, feet & jaw
Acromegaly
-
caused by decrease in ADH(posterior); increase urine production that can lead to dehydration and electrolyte imbalances
Diabetes insipidus
-
inadequate secretion of growth holmone as child develop
dwarfism
-
excessive secretion of growth holmone as child develop
Gigantism
-
nervousness, increase pulse, BP, sensitivity to heat, and decrease weight.
Hyperthyroidism
-
edema, obesity, lethargy(extreem fatique), decrease heart rate and mental function; increase cold sensitivity; thinning of the hair
hypothyroidism
-
menstrual disorders; absence of menstuation
amenorrhea
-
excessive bleeding; menstrual disorders
menorrhagia
-
painful menstrual cramp ; menstrual disorders
dysmenorrhea
-
blood clotting factor disorders
hemophilia
-
occurs when the fertilized ovum becomes implanted outside the uterus; the most common site is in the fallopian tube.
Ectopic pregnancy
-
the growth of endometrial tissue(which lines the uterus) outside the uterus; the tissue can be transferred from the uterus by the fallopian tubes, blood, lymph or during surgery
Endometriosis
-
tumors in the uterus; usually benign; after no symtoms
fibroid tumors
-
an inflammation of all the pelvicreproductive organs and causes scarring of the fallopian tubes; increase rate of octopic pregnancies & infertility STD are often cause of .................
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease(PID)
-
increase irritability, depression, impaired concentration, headache, edema
PreMenstrual Syndrom (PMS)
-
inflammation of the epididymis
Epididymitis
-
BPH
Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy
-
RMIs
- repetive motion injuries;
- capaltunnel syndrome
- thoracic outlet sysndrome
- tendonitis
-
an intestinal infection resulting in abdominal pain, cramping, and diarrhea is caused by Giadia lamblia "Traveler's diarrhea"; it is the most common intestinal parasite in the U.S.
Dysentary
-
particularly significance in pregnant woman because it can pass to the unborn child and result in death, blindness, or mental retardation; it is found in feces of birds and animals
Toxoplasmosis
-
caused by protozoa; usually not pathogenic but in patients with weakened immune system; it is very serious; common cause of death among AIDS patients
Pneumocystis pneumonia
-
caused by parasite that attacks the RBC and is characterized by periodic(every 45- hours) chills, fever and sweats. The parasite is acquired through the bite of a specific kind of mosquito or through a blood transfusion
malaria
-
Hepatitis
lasting a few week to several month
it does not lead to chronic infection
ingestion of fecal matter
Hepatitis A
-
lasting a few week(acute) to a serious long term illness; can lead to liver disease or cancer; infection occurs when blood or body from an infected person enters the body of a person who is not immune; ........... virus can remain active in dried blood for several days
Hepatitis B
-
mostly chronic condition that can lead cirrhosis or cancer; blood; no vaccine
Hepatitis C
-
Serious; uncommon in U.S; blood; no vaccine
Hepatitis D
-
serious; acute; rare in U.S; ingestion of fecal matter; no vaccine
Hepatitis E
-
MRSA
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureas
-
VRE
Vancomycin Resistant Enterococcus
-
bird flu(avian influenza)
infected bird shed the the virus in theirsaliva, nasal secretion and feces; virus mutated; possible human to human infection
-
BSE
Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy; mad cow disease; cannot be killed by cooking, freezing or disinfectant
-
west nile virus
Transmitted by infected mosquitoes; not human to huyman; no vaccine
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H1N1 influenza
Swine flu; spread mainly person to person; vaccine is available
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CT
Computed tomography; X-rays are taken from many angles; evaluation of soft tissue for presence of disease and conditions such as blood clots, fractures, and tumors
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MRI
Magnetic Resonance Imaging; In magnetic field; activity of hydrogen atoms in tissue is measured and converted into cross-sectional images;veiw tumors clearly; view brain structure and abnormalities; See movement in the body, such as blood flow
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PET
Position Emition Tomography; radio active substances is injected into the patient and detected by a scanner; resulting in 3D image
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Ultra Sonography
High frequency sound waves hit tissues and organs and bounce back as echoes; the signals obtained are used to create images; view movement; safe; examine organs; detect tumors, aneurysms, and blood vessel abnormalities
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the respiratory system swells touch an extent that air is prevented from entering the lungs; by allegic reaction
Anaphylatic shock; anaphylaxis
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bubbling from any wound of neck or chest; difficulty breathing
sucking wound
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CVAs
CerebroVascula Accidents; strokes
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deprivation of blood supply to any tissue
ischemia
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sonsory loss
paresthesias
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cerebrum & part of brain stem never develop, because the neural folds fail to fold
anencephaly
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a procedure in which a tract in the spinal cord is severed surgically; usually done to relieve unremitting pain
cordotomy
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any disorder or disease of the brain
encephalopathy
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GH
Growth hormone; directs normal growth of body tissues; pituitary anterior lobe
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ACTH
adrenocorticotropic hormone; stimulates cortex of adrenal gland; pituitary anterior lobe
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TSH
thyroid stimulating hormone; stimulates thyroid gland; pituitary anterior lobe
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MSH
melanocyte stimulation hormone; stimulates production of melanin, which causes skin pigmentation; pituitary anterior lobe
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LH
luteinizing hormone; stimulates ovulation and production of female hormones(estrogen and progesterone); pituitary anterior lobe
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ICSH
interstitial cell stimulating hormone; stimulates production of male hormone(testosterone); pituitary anterior lobe
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ADH
antidiuretic hormone, or vasopressin; acts on kidneys to concentrate urine and sonserve fluid in the body; also constricts blood vessels; posterior lobe of Pituitary gland
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Oxytocin
pitocin; causes contraction of uterus during childbirth; stimulates milk flow; posterior lobe of Pituitary gland
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Melatonin
controls onset of puberty; affects wake/ sleep cycle; Pineal gland
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Thyroxine and triiodothyronine
controls metabolism and stimulates physical and mental growth; Thyroid
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Calcitonin
Moves calcium from the bloodstream into the bones for storage; Thyroid
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PTH
parathormone; promotes absorption of calcium from the intestines, decreases calcium excretion by the kidneys, and moves calcium from the bones to the blood(opposite effect of calcitonin); parathyroid
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Thymosin
Stimulates production of antibodies in early life; Thymus
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Mineralocorticoids
aldosterone; regulates the balance of electrolytes(chemicals that, when dissolved in water, can conduct electrical current) by stimulating the kidneys to retain salt(sodium)and excrete potassium; Adrenal cortex
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Clucocorticoids
cortisone; aids in metabolism of proteins, fats, and carbohydrates; provides resistance to stress; depresses immune responses(anti-inflammatory); adrenal cortex
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Gonadocorticoid
androgens; Sex hormone; produced by both males and females; adrenal cortex
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epinephrine and norepinephrine
adrenaline; activates sympathetic nervous system in times of stress; increases blood pressure by constricting blood vessels; Medulla
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Insulin
regulates the transport of glucose from the blood into the body cells; pancreas
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Glucagon
increases the amount of glucose in the blood by stimulating the liver to convert glycogen to glucose; Pancreas
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psychological disorders for which no structural cause can be found; include neuroses and phychoses
Functional brain disorders
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A condition in which affected individuals; sleep as much as hours a daily
hypersomnia
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congenital condition involving the formation of a small brain as evidenced by reduced skull size; most microcephalic children are mentally retarded
Microcephaly
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X-ray of the spinal cord after after injection of a contrast medium
myelogram
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sudden contraction of a muscle, usually limbs; can happen in a normal individuals as they falling asleep; others may be due to diseases of reticular formation or cerebellum
myoclonus
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a less debilitating class of mental illness; examples include severe anxiety(panic attack), phobias(irrational fears). and obsessive compulsive behaviors; the affected individual, however, retains contact with desease
Neuroses
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surgically lesioning part of the globus pallidus of the basal nuclei to relieve some symtoms of Parkinson's disease
Pallidectomy
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A class of severe mental illness in which affected individual lose touch with reality and exhibit bizzarre behaviors; insanity; include schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, some forms of depression
psychosis
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acetone
ketone; ketone body
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black, tarry stool
melena
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incision into the perineum
episiotomy
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the vaginal discharge that occurs after childbirth
lochia rubra
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a dark green to black, tarry bowel movement
meconium
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after childbirth
post partum
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