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___________ is anything that occupies space and has a mass.
A) Matter
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Which of the following items is considered to be matter?
B) Wet snow
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Which of the following is the principal difference between mass and weight?
B) Mass is the equivalence of energy; weight is the force exerted by gravity
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Energy is defined as:
B) The ability to do work
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Which of the following is an example of electromagnetic radiation?
A) Visible light
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Which form of electromagnetic radiation is considered ionizing radiation?
A) X-rays
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Which of the following is the largest source of human exposure to man-made radiation?
D) Medical diagnostic x-rays
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Which of the following is the largest source of natural radiation?
C) Radon
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Which of the following results in the highest annual radiation dose?
A) Natural
B) Man-made
A) Natural
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What was the device with which Roentgen discovered x-rays?
B) Crookes tube
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What year were x-rays discovered?
A) 1895
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Which of the following early pioneers developed the fluoroscope?
E) Thomas Edison
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Which of the following provides dynamic x-ray images?
B) Fluoroscopy
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Which of the following regarding x-ray induced death is TRUE?
C) Clarence Dally was the first reported in the United States
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One of the cardinal principles of radiation protection states that the radiologic technologist should minimize which of the following?
E) Time
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Which of the following is NOT considered a base quantity?
A) Work
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Another name for velocity is:
C) Speed
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Inertia is:
E) Resistance to a change in motion
-
Which of the following is a unit or work?
A) Joule
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Which type of heat transfer causes a reddish glow?
C) Thermal radiation
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____________ is anything that occupies space and has a mass
Matter
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___________ is the quantity of matter contained in any physical object
Mass
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___________ is the force exerted on a body under the influence of gravity
Weight
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What is true about mass vs. weight
-
–Mass remains constant
–Weight does not
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The ability to do work is ____________
energy
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What are the 7 major forms of energy?
- potential
- kinetic
- chemical
- electrical
- thermal
- nuclear
- electromagnetic
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____________ is the ability to do work by virtue of position
potential
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___________ is the energy of motion
kinectic
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___________ energy released by a chemical reaction
chemical
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_____________ energy represents the work that can be done when an electron moves through an electric potential difference
electric
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___________energy (heat) is the energy of motion at the molecular level
thermal
-
The more the molecules vibrate, the more _________
heat you have
-
___________energy is contained within the nucleus of an atom
nuclear
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______________ energy is a type of energy that is unfamiliar to most
electromagnetic
-
c is speed of light. what is the speed of light?
3 x 108 m/s
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Energy emitted and transferred through space is called _______________
radiation
-
Matter that intercepts radiation or absorbs part or all of it is considered ______________________
exposed or irradiated
-
_____________ radiation is any type of radiation that is capable of removing an orbital electron from the atom with which it interacts
ionizing
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Ionization is the process of removing an orbital __________ from an atom
electron
-
What forms of electromagnetic radiation that can ionize?
X- rays, gamma rays and ultraviolet light
-
What are thewo main sources of harmful radiation?
natural/environmental and man-made sources
-
Natural environmental radiation consists of:
- –Cosmic rays
- –Terrestrial radiation
- –Internally deposited radionuclides (radioactive nucleus) in the human body
-
What is emitted from deposits of uranium, thorium, and other radioactive substances naturally occurring in the earth?
Radon
-
_______ is the largest component of environmental radiation
Radon
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_____ and ______ x-rays are the largest source of man-made radiation
Medical and dental
-
Major natural source of human exposure is ______________________
Radon
-
Major man-made source of human exposure is _________________
x-rays
-
Who discovered x-rays and when?
Wilhelm Roentgen was experimenting with a Crookes’ tube in his lab on Nov 8, 1895
-
Radiographic is ______ or a still image
static
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Fluoroscopy is ______ of a moving image
dynamic
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_________ ________ developed the fluroscope in 1898
Thomas Edison
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_____________________ was recorded as the first x-ray fatality in US 1904
Clarence Daly
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Most injuries were skin damage (____________), loss of hair (__________), and low red-cell blood count
erythema, alopecia
-
What does ALARA stand for?
As Low As Reasonably Achievable
-
ALARA means
- –Radiation must have a specific benefit
- –All exposure should be kept as low as reasonably achievable
- –Dose of individuals shall not exceed limits for appropriate circumstances
-
____________ – reduce or limit the time spent near the radiation source
Time
-
________________– move away or keep as much distance as possible between yourself and the radiation source (observe SID requirements)
distance
-
_____________ – use proper shielding (lead aprons and gloves) when necessary
shielding
-
____________ is the study of interactions of matter and energy in all diverse forms
physics
-
Base quantities are:
___________________________
___________________________
___________________________
-
Derived quantities are:
___________________________
___________________________
___________________________
___________________________
___________________________
___________________________
___________________________
- energy
- power
- work
- momentum
- force
- velocity
- acceleration
-
Length, 1 meter, is measure by a wavelength of ___________ light emitted from an isotope of ___________
orange, krypton
-
Originally defined as the mass of __________ of water at _______ is a _________
1,000cm squared, 4 degress celcius, kilogram
-
A unit of time is measure by an _____ ____ based on the vibrations of a _______ _______
atomic clock, cesium atom
-
Objects at rest are _____________ and objects in motion are _____________
static, dynamic
-
What is the formula for velocity?
-
-
What's the formula for average velocity?
-
-
____________ is the rate of change of velocity with time
acceleration
-
What's the formula for acceleration
-
-
What are Newton 3 laws of motion?
Law of Inertia, Force, Action/reaction
-
Law of Inertia
A body will remain at rest of continue to move with constant velocity in a straight line unless acted on by an external force
-
Force
The force (F) acting on an object with acceleration (a) is equal to the mass (m) multiplied by the acceleration
-
Action/reaction
For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction
-
What is the formula for force?
F = ma (mass x acceleration)
-
Weight is a ________ on a body caused by the downward pull of gravity
force
-
Product of the ________ of an object and its velocity
momentum
-
The formula for momentum is
p = mv
-
_______ is force applied times the distance over which it is applied
work
-
What is the formula for work?
W = Fd (force x distance)
-
_______ is the rate of doing work
Power
-
What is the formula for power?
-
-
Law of Conservation of Energy
Energy may be transformed from one form to another but it cannot be created or destroyed
-
Two forms of energy
potential and kinectic
-
__________ is defined as the heat necessary to raise the temperature of 1 g of water through 1°C
calorie
-
Heat is transferred 3 ways:
- conduction
- convection
- thermal radiation
-
Conduction is best described as
touching objects together so that heat can be transferred
-
Convection can be best described as
transfer of heat through motion
-
Thermal radiation can be best described as
transfer of heat by thermal emission of infared light
-
Temperature is measured by a _____________
thermometer
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