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T or F: Basteria have a Peptidoglycan cell wal
T
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How do bacteria reproduce?
Binary fission
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Describe Archea cell wall
Lack peptidoglycan & cellulose
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T / F: Archea live in extreme enviornments
T
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T / F: fungi use organic chemicals 4 energy
T
-
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What type of cell wall does Algae have?
Cellulose cell walls
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T / F: viruses can live on their own
F, must have living host cell
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T / F: viruses have both DNA & RNA
F, virsues have either DNA or RNA
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Viroids cause what dieases?
Diseases in plants
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Where is DNA or RNA core located in viruses?
Surrounded by a protien coat, inside an lipid envelope
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What makes up a viroid?
Short piece of RNA w/ no protien coat
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T / F: Viroids R bigger than viruses?
F, viroids R smaller & simpler
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Infectious Protiens are called __________
Prions
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Prions are infectious protiens. What do they cause?
Neurodegenerative diseases (mad cow diease in cattle)
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T /F: Prions contain no nucleic acid
T, prions contain no nucleic acid
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Who established the naming system of scientific nomenclature?
Linnaeus
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How are scientific names abbreviated?
W/ 1st letter of genus & specififc epithet
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Process of repeated heating / cooling
Tyndallization
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Discovered bacteria produced spores responsible for heat stable forms
Cohn
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Golden age acchievements
- Koch's Postulates (Kim's Pimp)
- Lister's Sterilization exper. (Lickd Sisters)
- Jenner's Vaccine exper. (Jenny & Vacc)
- Pasteur's Rabies vaccine (then Pissed Rabies)
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Same organism can be found in all & only sick animals
Isolation
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Organisms can be obtained and grown in pure cultures
Cultivation
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Inoculation of cultured cells n2 healthy animals transfers disease
Transference
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Same organism can be reisolated from infected animal & cultured again
Reisolation
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invented 1st anitibiotic, Penicillin
Fleming
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Basic stains carry what charge?
Positive & colors organism
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Acidic stains carry what charge?
Nevative & colors outside area
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Identify this stain as Simple, Differential, or structural. Shows increased contrast betweeen cell & background, all cells same color
simple
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Identify this stain as Simple, Differential, or structural. Used to identify specific bacteria structures
structural (like Spore staining)
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Identify this stain as Simple, Differential, or structural. Multiple reagents used & used to tell 1 bacteria from another
Differential (Gram Stain most often used)
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Gram positive bacteria stains this color...
Purple
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Gram negative bacteria stains this color...
Red
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Crystal Violet
Primary Stain: stains cell
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Grams iodine.
Mordent: Holds primary dye into cell
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Alcohol
Decolorizer: removes primary dye from Gram Neg.
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Safrinin
2ndary/Counter stain: recolors cells that lose stain threw decolorization
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coccus shape
Spherical: o
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Bacillus shape
Rod shaped: ()
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T / F: Prokaryokes have a Cell wall
T
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Gram positive _________ crystal violet iodine. Retain or Lose?
Retain
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Gram negative ________ crystal violet iodine? Retain or lose?
Lose
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Inhibits peptide bridges in peptidoglycan
Penicilin
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digests disaccharide in peptidoglycan
Lysozyme
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Has selective permeability
Phospholipid bylayer
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Trace elements requried in minute amounts to....
Assist in enzyme function
-
Trace element examples....
Cobalt, Zinc, Copper, Manganese
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Photoautotroph uses an energy source & carbon source. What R they?
Light & CO2
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Photoheterotroph uses an energy source & carbon source. What R they?
Light & Organic Compounds
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Chemoautotroph uses an energy source & carbon source. What R they?
Chemical & CO2
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chemohetrotrophs uses an energy source & carbon source. What R they?
Chemical & organic compounds
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What is a way to reduce water avalibility?
By drying food threw adding salt or sugar (desiccation)
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Psychrophiles live @ wut temperatures?
-5 to 18 degrees C (coldest file psychos)
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Psychrotrophs live @ wut temperatures?
0 - 35 degrees C (current psychos)
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Mesophiles live @ wut temperatures?
15 - 45 degrees C (most common)
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Thermophils live @ wut temperatures?
40 - 80 degrees C (warmer climates)
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Hyperthermophiles live @ wut temperatures?
65 - 115 degrees C (extreme heat)
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Neutro-philes like what PH range?
5-8 (Neutral & most common)
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Acido-Philes like what PH range?
below Ph 5 (acidic)
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Alkalo-philes like what PH range?
Above 8 (more basic)
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Obligate Aerobe uses what amount of Cata & SOD? & wut amount of O2 can they handle?
Both Cata & SOD / they require O2
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Facilitative Anaerobe uses what amount of Cata & SOD? & wut amount of O2 can they handle?
Cata & SOD / some O2
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Obliga Anerobe uses what amount of Cata & SOD? & wut amount of O2 can they handle?
Nither Cata or SOD / Cant handle O2
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Microaerophile uses what amount of Cata & SOD? & wut amount of O2 can they handle?
Small amounts of Cata & SOD / Small amount of O2
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Aerotolerent uses what amount of Cata & SOD? & wut amount of O2 can they handle?
SOD / tolerates O2
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