kati bio 2

0.239 calories

4.184 J

the amount of heat that must be absorbed or lost for 1 g of that substance to change its temperature by 1 degree celsius

heat must be absorbed to break hydrogen bonds and heat is released when hydrogen bonds ar formed.

-such as being burnt when touching an iron pot because heat must first break hydrogen bonds before warming up water in our body

-such as large bodies of water absorbing a huge amounts of heat from the sun in daytime or summer while warming up only a few degrees

-like at night time and in the winter gradually colling water can warm the air.

--coastal areas have milder climates

-high specific heat stabilizes ocean temperatures that are favorable for marine life. water fluctuates temperature on land and in water withtin limits that permit life.

-because we are mostly made of water we can sustain temperature more readily.

the transformation from liquid to a gas

- molecules move fast enough to escape the attractions and depart the liquid into the air

kinetic energy of molecules

the quantity of heat a liquid must absorb to convert from liquid to the gaseous state.

- solar heat absorbed by troical seas is consumed during the evaporization of eaths surface

- tropicql air circulated poleward and releases heata s it condenses and forms rain

-the severity of steam burns. the heat energy released when steam condenses into liquid on the skin.

as a liqid evaporates, the liquid that remains being cooled down

-such a 100 fastest runner leaving a school for a better school and 99 left behind is like the liquid. the fastest runner that escaped is the hottest molecule that escaped to gas

solid

10 percent (10 percent fewer molecules for the same volume)

the ability for ice to float as it expands

-floatin ice insulates the temperature of the the water below it

a liquid that is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances

the dissolving agent of a solution

the substance that is dissolved

one is which water is the solvent

oxygen atoms are negaive and cling to positivey charged sodium cation.. the hydrogen are attracted to negatively chargd chlorine anions. water olecules surround the individual sodiun and chloride ions, seperating and shielding them from one another. the sphere of water molecules around each dissolved ion is called a hydration shell

-any substance that has a n affinity for water

-greek hydro- water philios loving

-when molecules in cells are too large. they remain suspended in the aqueous liquid of the cell

a stable suspension of fine particles in a liquid

cotton. it contains cellulose, but water adheres to the cellulose fibers

• -seems to repel water
• -hydro- water phobic- fear
• -they are substances that are nonionic and nonpolar or for some reason can not form hydrogen bonds

• -such as vegetable oil
• -hydrophobic molecules that are related to oil are major ingredients of c3ll membranes

the mass of all atoms in a molecule

represents an exact number of objects-6.022e23 (avagadros number)

-the mole of one substance has the same number of moles of any other substance

the number of moles of solute per liters of solution (concentration)

• no, it always assosiates with another water molecule in the form of h3o.
• -this is a reversible reaction that reaches dynamic equilibrium when water molecules dissociate at the same rate that they are being reformed from H and OH

yes

acidic solution

substance that reduces the hydrogen ion concentration

neutral

• weak
• strong

10^-14

7

acidic

basic

6-8

it changes substantially

7.4

the presence of bufferes in the body allow a relatively constant ph in biological fluids despite the addition of acids and bases

substances that minimize the changes in concentration of H and OH in a solution.

acid base pairs

carbonic acid-bicarbonate

rain snow of fog with a ph lower than 5.2

carbonic acid

calcification , the production of calcium carbonate

-indirenctely affected by the conentration of co3 2-

• -cohesion
• -moderation of temperature
• -insulation of bodies of water by floating ice
• -the solvent of life