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Nonpolar covalent bond
A type of covalent bond in which electron are shared equally between two atoms of similar electronegativity
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Chemical bond
An attraction between two atoms resulting from a sharing of outer-shell (-)s or the presence of opp charges on the atoms; the bonded atoms gain complete outer (-) shells
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Matter
Anything that takes up space and has mass
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Atom
The smallest unit of matter that retains the properties of an element
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pH Scale
- A measure of hydrogen ion concentration
- Equal to -log[H+] and ranging in val from 0-14
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Hydrogen Bond
A type of weak chemical bond formed when the slightly positive hydrogen atom of a polar covalent bond in one molecule is attracted to the slightly negative atom of a polar covalent bond in another molecule
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Ion
An atom that has gained or lost electrons thus acquiring a charge
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Proton
- A subatomic particle with a single positive electrical charge
- Found in nucleus of an atom
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Polar Molecule
A molecule with opp charges on opp sides
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Salt
- Compounds resulting from the formation of ionic bonds
- Also called an ionic compound
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Base
A substance that reduces the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution
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Acid Precipitation
Rain, snow, or fog that is more acidic than pH 5.6
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Solute
A substance that is dissolved in a solution
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Chemical Reaction
- A process leading to chem changes in matter
- Involves the making and/or breaking of chem bonds
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Electron
- A subatomic particle with a single neg charge
- One or more electrons move around the nucleus of an atom
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Ionic Bond
A chem bond resulting from the attraction b/t opp charged ions
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Element
Any substance that c/n be broken down to any other substance
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Polar Covalent Bond
- A type of covalent bond b.t atoms that differ in electronegativity
- The shared electrons are pulled closer to the more electronegative atom, making it slightly neg and the other atom slightly positive
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Cohesion
The binding together of like molecules, often hydrogen bonds
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Electronegativity
The attraction of an atom for the electrons of a covalent bond
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Atomic Weight
The total atomic mass, which is the mass in grams of one mole of the atom
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Atomic Number
- The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom
- Unique for each element
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Mass Number
The sum of the number of protons and neutrons in an atom's nucleus
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Heat
Total amount of kinetic energy due to molecular motion in a body of matter
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Covalent Bond
Type of strong chem bond in which two atoms share on pair of valence (-)s
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Electron Shell
An energy level representing the distance of an electron from the nucleus of an atom
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Radioactive Isotope
- An isotope that is unstable
- Nucleus decays spontaneously
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Buffer
A substance that consists of acid and base forms in a solution and that minimizes changes in pH when extraneous acids or bases are added to the solution
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Nucleus
- An atom's central core, containing protons and neutrons
- The chromosome-containing organelle of a eukaryotic cell
- A cluster of neurons
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Temperature
Measure of the intensity of heat in degrees reflecting the avg kinetic energy of the molecules
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Molecule
Two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds
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Neutron
An electrically neutral particle found in nucleus of atom
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Surface tension
- Measure of how diff it is to stretch or break the surface of a liquid
- Water has a high surface tension b.c of hydrogen bonding of surface molecules
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Double covalent bond
Type of covalent bond in which two atoms share two pairs of electrons
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Acid
A substance that increases the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution
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Trace element
An element indispensable for life but required in extremely minute amounts
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Solution
A homogeneous, liquid mix of 2 or more substances
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