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The smallest unit of matter that can enter into chemical reactions and is nondivisible bychemical means is called a(an) ______.
atom
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Which of the following is a subatomic particle of an atom?
all are subatomic particle
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The atomic mass of an atom is equal to the number of ______ plus the number of ______.
protons, neutron
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Which of the following statements is true?
Electrons have a negative charge and equal the number of protons.
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What determines whether or not an atom reacts with other atoms?
the number of electrons in the outer shell
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In an electrically neutral atom, the number of ______ is equal to the number of ______.
protons, electron
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The carbon atom has an atomic number of 6 and an atomic mass of 12. Therefore, a carbonatom has ______ protons.
6
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Chlorine has an atomic number of 17 and an atomic mass of 35. When chlorine becomes thechloride ion, its charge is ______.
negative 1
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Chlorine has an atomic number of 17. How many electrons are in the outermost shell
7
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The molecule, K+Cl‐, is held together by ______ bonds.
ionic
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If an atom either gains or loses an electron, the atom is called a(an) ______.
: ion
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Which type of bond will share electrons between atoms?
covalent
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When two nonmetal oxygen atoms (atomic number = 8) react with each other, they ______.
share electrons
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If there are three pairs of electrons that are shared between two atoms, a(an) ______ isformed.
: triple bond
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An individual water molecule is held together by ______.
covalent bonds
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Many water molecules are weakly held together by ______.
: hydrogen bonds
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Which of the following statements is NOT a true characteristic of water?
: Because of hydrogen bonding, liquid water is less dense than ice.
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______ are molecules that dissociate in water, releasing hydrogen ions
: Acids
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If the concentration of hydrogen ions is 1 x 10‐6,, the pH is ______.
6
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At which pH will the concentration of hydrogen ions be equal to the concentration of hydroxideions?
pH 7
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When hydrochloric acid, a strong acid, is added to water, the pH of water ______.
goes down
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______ are chemicals or combinations of chemicals that take up excess hydrogen ions orhydroxide ions in order to keep the pH constant.
Buffers
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If the hydrogen ion concentration in water was 0.0000001, the pH is ______.
7
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Which atoms are always found in organic molecules?
carbon and hydrogen
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Which of the following is NOT an organic molecule?
: water
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Which of the following statements is NOT correct about organic molecules?
: Organic molecules always have ionic bonding between atoms.
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Carbohydrates are macromolecules composed of ______ monomers.
monosaccharide
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______ is the process of splitting of a bond within a larger molecule by the addition of water
: Hydrolysis
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______ is the process in which water is removed when two monomers join to form amacromolecule
: dehydration reaction
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Glucose, fructose, and galactose are all classified as ______.
monosaccharide
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Which type of organic macromolecule is used primarily for energy and structure
r: carbohydrate
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Which of the following molecules is NOT a polysaccharide?
sucrose
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Which type of carbohydrate is found in plant cell walls and accounts in part for the strongnature of these walls
cellulose
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Glycerol and fatty acid are the monomers for most ______.
: lipids
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______ occurs when an oil droplet is dispersed in water.
Emulsification
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A saturated fatty acid contains more ______ atoms than the same unsaturated fatty acid.
: hydrogen
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When glycerol combines with three fatty acids, a (an) ______ molecule results
triglyceride
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______ are lipids containing phosphorus that are very important in cell membranes
Phospholipids
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Which type of organic molecule is used for long‐term energy storage, insulation against heatloss, and forms a protective cushion around major organs
fats
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Which type of lipid has four fused carbon rings?
cholesterol
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Which of the following molecules is NOT a steroid?
phospholipid
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A (An) ______ has a hydrocarbon chain (a string of carbon atoms with hydrogen atomsattached) and ends with the acid group ‐COOH.
amino acid
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Proteins are polymers of ______.
amino acids
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What is the name of this functional group: ‐COOH ?
: acidic group
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The bond that occurs between the acid group of one amino acid and the amino group ofanother amino acid is termed a (an) ______ bond.
: peptide
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A ______ is a chain of amino acids joined by peptide bonds.
: polypeptide
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Which of the following types of organic molecules have their monomers joined by a peptidebond?
protein
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Which type of organic molecule sometimes has a structural role and may act as an enzyme?
protein
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What is the final three‐dimensional shape of a protein called?
tertiary structure
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The _______ structure of a protein is the linear sequence of the amino acids joined by peptidebonds.
r: primary
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The ______ structure of a protein comes about when the polypeptide chain takes a particularorientation in space.
secondary
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What are the components of a nucleotide?
: phosphate, pentose sugar, nitrogen‐containing base
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When nucleotide monomers join together, the ______ polymer is formed.
: nucleic acid
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The backbone of a nucleic acid is composed of ______.
r:sugar‐ phosphate‐sugar‐phosphate, etc.
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_____ molecules are characterized by having two strands of nucleotide polymers held togetherby hydrogen bonds.
r: DNA
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Which organic macromolecules are used for reproduction and to control protein synthesis?
: nucleic acids
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Which molecule functions as an energy carrier in cells?
ATP
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Which pair below is mismatched?
r: glycerol‐glycogen
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After ATP breaks down to ADP, what is added to ADP to restore it to back to ATP?
phosphate
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