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Florence Nightingale
Founder of Modern Nursing
Advance Women in Nursing during Crimean War
First Nursing Theorist: fresh air and sunlight, washing hands, clean water, efficient drainage
Est. standards for nursing education upon return to England
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Clara Barton
Founder of the American Red Cross (1882)
Civil War nurse
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Virginia Henderson
Stated that nursing is independent: nurses are not the Dr's hand maiden
Self-Help: Patients can help themselves
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Sojourner Truth
African American Civil War nurse
Former slave and abolitionist
Contributed to women's movement
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Mary Eliza Mahoney
1st African American nurse
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Dr. Mildred Montag
Founder of Associate Degree in Nursing Education
Number of ADN programs increased from 7 in 1958 to approx. 1000 today
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R.N. vs L.P.N.
Difference in education and scope of practice
RN: can take verbal orders from physician, assessment, charting (administrative), I.V. push and meds and give blood.
LPN: Pass meds, accuchecks, dressing changes, administer insulin, etc...
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A.D.N. Education vs. Diploma Education (R.N.)
A.D.N. or Associates Degree in Nursing - 2yr program, credits transfer to a B.S.N. program (college level)
Diploma Education: Based out of a hospital, credits do not transfer
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B.S.N.
Bachelors of Science in Nursing
4yr Nursing Degree
Community Health included
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M.S.N.
Masters of Science in Nursing
2-3yrs depending on focus of study
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Advanced Practice
Ex: CNS (Clinical Nursing Specialist), CNP (Clinical Nurse Practitioner)
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Doctorate
Ex: PhD or DNP (Doctor of Nursing Practice)
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Definition of Nursing
Function of a nurse is to assist the individual, sick or well, in the performance of those activities contributing to health or its recovery (or to a peaceful death) that he would perform unaided if he had the necessary strength, will or knowledge, and to do this in such a way to help him gain independence as soon as possible -V. Henderson
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ANA
States: Nursing fills the needs that cannot be met by the person, by the family or by other persons in the community.
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Aims of nursing practice
Promotion of Health - How to stay healthy (stop smoking, exercise, eat healthy, take vitamins, well check-ups, etc..)
Prevention of Illness - Health talks, etc...
Restoration of Health - Seeing sick patients
Facilitate coping with Disability or Death - Nurse is usually the first person a pt. who has just had an amputation of colostomy sees. Treats the patient as well as the family when coping with death
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Nursing as a profession
Body of Knowledge: Nursing courses
Service Orientation
Specialized Education: Oncology nursing certification
Autonomy: **Some people do not view nursing as a profession because we have to sometimes rely on other professions**
Code of Ethics
Ongoing Research: Articles in Nursing Journals
Professional Association: NLN, ANA, and specialty groups
Commitment to Care
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What provides the basis for nursing care?
A strong knowledge base (scientifically proven) on which to base nursing action.
**Do not do something just b/c that's how it's been done for 15 years.**
Continued education for RN in the state of Georgia is not required.
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Functions of a Nurse
A nurse serves ALL functions no matter what type of nurse (s)he is.
Caregiver
Communicator
Teacher: Some fields require more teaching than others (ex. Oncology & OB)
Client Advocate: Some fields require more advocating than others (ex. ICU)
Counselor
Change Agent
Leader
Manager: Even if not titled manager, you will be managing your care (managing techs, etc..)Primary care - no tech on the floor
Researcher
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Nursing Theory
Defined as how you practice
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Medical Care vs. Nursing Care
Medical: Identify disease, orientated towards curing
Nursing: Identify the human response to a disease (how are they dealing with the disease?)
Nursing care changes day to day based on the patient's needs and conditions vs. their disease/diagnosis
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ANA
American Nurses Association
Professional Organization for Nurses
- Lobbying body for nurses (influence lawmakers)
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NLN
National League for Nurses
Open to ALL interested in nursing
Advance the quality of nursing education
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The Nurse Practice Act
**Each state has their own Nurse Practice Act which results in legal scope of practice varying (sometimes greatly) from state to state.**
Creates the state board of nursing
Establishes criteria from education
Can revoke license for practice related offenses as well as non-clinical related offenses (DUI, Battery, etc...)
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ANA Guidelines Standards of Care
Things we HAVE to do
- Assessment
- Diagnosis
- Planning
- Implementation
- Evaluation
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ANA Guidelines for Standards of Professional Performance
Things we HAVE to do
- Quality of Care
- Performance Appraisal - Practice Evaluation
- Education
- Ethics
- Collaboration - Compensate for personal weaknesses as well as with physicians
- Collegiality - How are we working with each other?
- Research - Integrate new findings into practice
- Resource Utitilization
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Promotion of Socialization to the Nursing Profession
Join a professional organization
Know the Nurse Practice Act
Community Involvement
Subscribe to a Professional Journal
Talk to a Nurse
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Professional Development
Nursing practice never stops developing. Keep up.
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