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Bowman capsule
enclosing structure surrounding each glomerolus
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calyx or calix (plural: calyces or calices)
cup-like collecting region of the renal pelvis
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catheter
tube for injecting or removing fluids
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creatinine
waste product of muscle metabolism
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electrolyte
a chemical element that carries an electrical charge when dissolved in water
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erythropoietin (EPO)
a hormone secreted by the kidney to stimulate the production of red blood cells by bone marrow
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filtration
passive process whereby some substances, but not all, pass through a filter or other material
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glomerulus (plural: glomeruli)
tiny ball of capillaries in cortex of kidney
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hilum
depression or hollow in that part of an organ where blood vessels and nerves enter and leave
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kidney
one of two bean-shaped organs behind the abdominal cavity on either side of the backbone in the lumbar region
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micturition
urination; the act of voiding
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nephron
combination of glomerulus and renal tubule where filtration, reabsorption, and secretion take place in the kidney
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nitrogenous waste
substance containing nitrogen and excreted in urine
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potassium (K+)
an electrolyteimportant to body processes
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reabsorption
in this process, the renal tubules return materials necessary to the body back into the bloodstream
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renal artery
blood vessel that carries blood to the kidney
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renal pelvis
central collecting region in the kidney
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renal tubule
microscopic tube in the kidney in which urine is formed after filtration
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renal vein
blood vessel that carries blood away from the kidney and toward the heart
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renin
an enzymatic hormone synthesized, stored, and secreted by the kidney
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sodium (Na+)
an electrolyte regulated in the blood and urine by the kidneys
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trigone
triangular area in the urinary bladder in which the ureters enter and the urethra exits
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urea
major nitrogenous waste product excreted in urine
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ureter
tube leading from each kidney to the urinary bladder
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urethra
tube leading from each kidney to the urinary bladder
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uric acid
a nitrogenous waste excreted in the urine
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urinary bladder
hollow muscular sac that holds and stores urine
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urination
process of expelling urine; also called micturition
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voiding
emptying of urine from the urinary bladder; urination or micturition
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