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Bruit
blowing, swooshing sound heard through the stethoscope over an area of abnormal blood flow.
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Lymphadenopathy
enlargement of the lymph nodes due to infection, allergy, or neoplasm.
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Normocephalic
round symmetric skull that is appropriately related to body size.
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Accommodation
adaptation of the eye for near vision by increasing the curvature of the lens.
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Anisocoria
unequal pupil size.
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Arcus Senilis
gray-white arc or circle around the limbus of the iris that is common with aging.
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Macula
round, darker area of the ocular fundus that mediates vision only from the central visual field.
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Miosis
constricted pupils.
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Mydriasis
dilated pupils.
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Optic disc
area of ocular fundus in which blood vessels exit and enter.
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Nystagmus
involuntary, rapid, rhythmic movement of the eyeball.
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Exopthalmos
protruding eyeballs.
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Presbyopia
decrease in power of accommodation that occurs with aging.
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Ptosis
Drooping of the upper eyelid due to paralysis or disease, or as a congenital condition.
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Cerumen
yellow, waxy material that lubricates and protects the ear canal.
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Cochlea
inner ear structure containing the central hearing apparatus.
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Eustachian tube
connects the middle ear with the nasopharynx and allows passage of air.
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Helix
superior posterior free rim of the pinna.
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Incus
"anvil," middle of the 3 ossicles of the middle ear.
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Malleus
"hammer," first of the 3 ossicles of the middle ear.
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Mastoid
bony prominence of the skull located just behind the ear.
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Organ of corti
sensory organ of hearing.
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Pinna
auricle, or outer ear.
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Stapes
"stirrup," inner of the 3 ossicles of the middle ear.
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Tinnitus
ringing in the ears.
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Tympanic membrane
"eardrum," thin, translucent, oval membrane that stretches across the ear canal and separates the middle ear from the outer ear.
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Vertigo
a spinning, twirling sensation.
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Buccal
pertaining to the cheek.
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Caries
decay in the teeth
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Epistaxis
nosebleed, usually from anterior septum.
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Papillae
rough, bumpy elevations on dorsal surface of tongue.
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Parotid glands
pair of salivary glands in the cheeks in front of the ears.
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Turbinate
one of 3 bony projections into nasal cavity.
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Uvula
free projection hanging down from the middle of the soft palate.
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Gingivitis
red, swollen gum margins that bleed easily.
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Abduction
moving a body part away from an axis or the median line.
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Adduction
moving a body part toward the center or toward the median line.
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Circumduction
moving the arm in a circle around the shoulder.
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Crepitation
dry crackling sound or sensation due to grating of the ends of damaged bone.
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Dorsa
directed toward or located on the surface.
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Eversion
moving the sole of the foot outward at the ankle.
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Extension
straightening a limb at a joint.
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Flexion
bending a limb at a joint.
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Inversion
moving the sole of the foot inward at the ankle.
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Kyphosis
outward or convex curvature of the thoracic spine; hunchback.
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Ligament
fibrous band running directly from one bone to another bone that strengthens the joint.
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Lordosis
inward or concave curvature of the lumbar spine.
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Nucleus proposus
center of the intervertebral disk.
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Olecranon proces
bony projection of the ulna at the elbow.
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Plantar
surface of the sole of the foot.
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Pronation
turning the forearm so that the palm is down.
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Protraction
moving a body part forward and parallel to the ground.
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Range of motion (ROM)
extent of movement of a joint.
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Scoliosis
S-shaped curvature of the thoracic spine.
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Supination
turning the forearm so that the palm is up.
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Tendon
strong fibrous cord that attaches a skeletal muscle to a bone.
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Ataxia
inability to perfrom coordinated movements.
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Dysphasia (not dysphagia)
impairment in speech consisting of lack of coordination and inability to arrange words in their proper order.
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Flaccidity
loss of muscle tone, limp.
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Paresthesia
abnormal sensation (burning, numbness, tingling, prickling, crawling skin sensation).
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Proprioception
sensory information concerning body movements and position of the body in space.
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Spasticity
continuous resitance to stretching by a muscle due to abnormally increased tension, with increased deep tendon reflexes.
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Tremor
An involuntary quivering movement.
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