HGAnatomy Tissues (Histology) and Terminology

support organs and other tissues structurally and metabolically

1) much intracellular substance (matrix or ground substance)

2) few cells, widely scattered

1) connective tissue proper

2) cartilage

3) bone

• 1) fibers
• 2) matrix (ground substance)
• 3) cells

• 1) collagen
• 2) elastic
• 3) reticular

• 1) carbohydrates
• 2) lipids
• 3) water
• 4) other chemical compounds

• 1) fibroblasts
• 2) adipocytes
• 3) macrophages
• 4) mast cells
• 5) leukocytes
• 6) lymphocytes
• 7) reticular cells
• 8) plasma cells

1) loose = areolar = FASCIA

2) dense connecetive tissue

• 1) separated into types named for the predominant cell present
• Ex) adipocyte & adipose tissue

2) Vascular

matrix is made of collagen fibers

1) dense irregular connective tissue

2) dense regular connective tissue

Collagen fibers are at oblique angles, not so organized

Ex) deep dermis (or) hypodermis

(Vascular)

Ex) tendons and ligaments

collagen fibers are very organized

(Avascular)

Dense Regular Connective tissue that connects muscle to bone

Dense Regular Connective tissue that connects bone to bone

1) chodrocytes in lacunae

2) matrix

3) perichondrium

A type of Connective Tissue (Avascular)

a cartilage cell, makes the intracellular matrix surrounding itself

1) outer fibrous layer

2) inner cellular layer (made of stem cells)

immature chondrocytes which develop from the stem cells in the cellular layer of the perichondrium

1) hyaline

2) elastic

3) fibrocartilage

smooth and glassy matrix, prevents friction between joints or wherever it is found

found in: ends of long bones, tip of nose, and trachea

elastic proteins usually present, and is stretchy

strong cartilage, found between the two hips and allows child birth to occur without shattering the hips (allows the woman to dialate to at least 10cm)

has a hard matrix 24/7

Very vascular

reservoir for Calcium

1) osteocytes

2) osteoblasts

3) osteoclasts

4) periosteum

multinucleated

destroy/ rebuild the bone

(allow for growth)

hydroxyapatite

canals in bone (or) spaces within bone in which connect one lacuna with another lacuna (2 osteocytes are connected)

• shaft, central axis of a long bone
• (core of the bone)

on either end of the diaphysis

rounded globular end of the long bone

located between the epiphysis and the diaphysis

you find either the metaphyseal line or the metaphyseal zone/ plate

embryonic connective tissue, in which all bones are derived from

bone tissue it forms replaces most of the cartilage in the shaft of the bone (forming the diaphysis)

→ the osteoclasts come and make the red marrow cavity

appears in other parts of developing bone, usually after birth

→ usually forming the epiphysis

bone formation during embryonic period, beginning in the fetal period (usually 16 weeks and bone is formed)

→ fascia to bone

within cartilage (cartilage to bone), usually after fetal life

→ all bones in fetal life are cartilaginous

bone growth in an adult, "from within"

finished at the end of puberty, growth occurs at the epiphyseal/ metaphyseal zone/plate

bone growth "adding layer" "making the trunk of the tree wider"

comes from the periosteum cell layer

osteoclasts ensure the width doesn't keep going on and on...

every three years your bones will be replaced

(center core of the body)

• 1) head/ skull
• 2) vertebrae
• (cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacrum, coccyx)
• 3) ribs
• 4) sternum
• 5) hyoid bone
• 6) manubrium
• 7) xiphoid process

large rounded processes (or) large blunt elevations

medium-sized rounded, elevated processes (or) small raised eminence

small rounded process

wide, prominent elevation of long border of bone

narrow ridge of a bone

raised area on or above a condyle

sharp, elongated process

hammer shaped process

curved, hornlike protuberance

rounded knuckle-shaped projection

small, flat surface

expanded, rounded surface of a bone

grooved surface serving as a pulley

winged bar of a bone

shallow depressed area

• (aka sulcus)
• deep furrow on the surface of a bone

deep indentation on the border of a bone

(canal) tubelike passage way

narrow, slit like opening

natural opening into or thru a bone

cavity within a bone

• actin
• myosin

myofibril

(proximal attachment)

attachment that moves the least

(distal attachment)

attachment that moves the most

special type of tendon that connects muscle to muscle

the ability of a muscle to contract and relax