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What is congruent with Freud�s approach to therapy?
Psychoanalyis
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Who believed that personality could change during adulthood and is influenced by future plans, goals, and dreams?
Carl Jung
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A nurse is assessing a 75-year-old man. Which statement by the client correlates with the core task of integrity according to Erikson�s stages of psychosocial development?
�I have had a good life and am ready when God wants me.�
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What assumption is consistent with the foundation of behaviorism?
All behavior is learned
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What theory emphasizes the total individual and the innate goodness of human nature?
Humanistic theory
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What person grouped human needs into a hierarchy or ranking?
Maslow
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Systems theory assumes what?
Behavior originates within the organism
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A client who has moved to the US from Mexico presents to the outpatient mental health center for evaluation of anxiety. The theories of which individual would be most relevant in this situation?
Madeleine Leininger
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What could be included in somatic therapies?
Acupuncture
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Why are defense mechanisms used?
To avoid negative emotional states
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What did Freud believe happened during sleep?
The individual�s censor (superego) is less active
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What did Freud believe happened to the unconscious (id) during sleep?
It could express itself in dreams
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How is modern theory developed?
Through observation and research
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What three levels did Jung divide the mind into?
The conscious ego, the personal unconscious, & the deeper collective unconscious
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What does the task of self state?
That people must define themselves & find meaning in their lives
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Who devised a theory of intellectual (cognitive) development?
Piaget
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What did Piaget say that personality was a result of?
Interrelated cognitive and emotional (affective) functios
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What is an increasing intellectual ability to organize and combine experiences?
Growth
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Who described the human life-cycle in 8 stages?
Erickson
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The foundation for behaviorism lies in what assumption?
That all behavior is learned
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Who�s work on conditioning lad the foundation for the American behavioral movement?
Pavlov
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Who believed that only observed behaviors in current situations were open to analysis?
Skinner
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What theories did Skinner develop?
Theories of operant conditioning, positive & negative reinforcement, & shaping
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Who explained neuroses and anxiety as a conditioned response?
Wolpe
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What do today�s behavioral therapists believe that emotional problems stem from?
Poor learning, conditioning, dysfunctional self-thinking, lack of skills, avoiding anxious situations, & misconceptions about reality
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What was Maslow�s core concept?
That human nature is essentially good and contains the inherent potential for self-fulfillment
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What is the concept of holism?
Where each client is viewed as a unique person functioning within a changing environment
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What is the set of related units in which humans function?
Systems
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What is the function of problem-solving therapy?
It teaches clients to solve their problems in more constructive and satisfying ways
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What did Szasz believe about a person�s behavior?
That people are responsible for their own behavior
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What did Cannon describe as emergency syndrome?
total body response that results in fright, flight or fight behaviors when an individual is challenged or threatened
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What are the three stages of general adaption syndrome?
- Alarm, resistance, & exhaustion
- What happens during the alarm stage of the stress adaption theory?
- Fight or flight response
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What is the stage of resistance?
The body�s optimal attempt to cope with stress
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What can happen to the body if a stress is not coped with?
Exhaustion & eventually death
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What is psychobiology?
The study of the biochemical foundation of thought, mood, emotion, & behavior
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What are the psychobiological theories about the causes of mental illness?
Relates to genetics, neurotransmitter activity, viruses, fetal development, and immune system dysfunction
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When were group therapies began?
After WWII
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Why were group therapies began?
Because of a shortage of psychiatrists
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What is the focus of the therapeutic process in nursing?
On assisting clients in using appropriate resources and abilities to effectively cope with their problems.
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