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In what phase does a cell spend the most time?
Interphase
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G1
cell growth/expansion: growing membranes, organelles, cytoplasm, etc.
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S phase
DNA synthesis: DNA is replicated
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G2
final cell growth before entering M phase
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How many chromosomes are present in a human skin cell?
46
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How many genomes are present in an egg cell?
1
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Function of mitosis?
produce identical daughter cells for growth, repair, and renewal
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prophase
- 1. chromosomes condense
- 2. nuclear envelope falls apart
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metaphase
chromosomes line up at the equator
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anaphase
sister chromatids are pulled to opposite ends of the cell
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telophase
- 1. chromosomes loosen up
- 2. nuclear envelope reforms
- 3. cytokinesis pinches the cell in two and forms two daughter cells
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Function of meiosis?
production of gametes
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prophase I
- 1. chromosomes condense
- 2. nuclear envelope falls apart
- 3. homologous pairs form tetrads
- 4. crossover occurs after tetrad formation
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metaphase I
homologs line up one on either side of the equator in random assortment
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anaphase I
homologs are pulled to opposite ends of the cell
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telophase I
- 1. chromosomes loosen up
- 2. nuclear envelope reforms
- 3. cytokinesis pinches the cell in two, resulting in two genetically-distinct daughter cells
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prophase II
- 1. chromosomes condense
- 2. nuclear envelope falls apart
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metaphase II
chromosomes line up at the equator
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anaphase II
chromatids are pulled to opposite ends of the cell
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telophase II
- 1. chromosomes loosen up
- 2. nuclear envelope reforms
- 3. cytokinesis pinches each cell in two, thus resulting in four genetically-distinct daughter cells
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Are the resulting daugher cells from meiosis haploid or diploid?
haploid
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n refers to...
the number of chromosomes in one genome
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define genome
a complete set of all different types of a gene
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