Basic Chemistry - Appendix A - AAOS book

The Study of Matter

any substance that has mass (weight) and volume (occupies space)

a change in the chemical makeup of a substance

color, odor, melting point, boiling point, and physical state

Uniformed in its composition and chemical properties and cannot be easily separated

pure substance consisting of atoms combine in specific ratios that can be split into simpler substances by chemical reactions

smallest and simplest particle of an element that can be part of a chemical reaction

pure substance that contain only one type of atom and cannot be separated into simpler components

two or more substance blended together

smallest particle of a compound that still retains the properties of that compound

• -positively charged subatomic particle located that have mass located in nucleus of the atom
• -tend to repel each other

• -electrically NEUTRAL (not charged) particles that have mass located in the nucleus of the atom
• -do not interact electrically with other subatomic particles

• -electrically NEGATIVE particles that are much lighter then protons and neutrons that htey are considered to have essentially no mass
• -move about rapidly ina space around the nucleus
• -tend to repel each other
• -have opposite electrical charge then protons so they attract to one another

• -central area of the atom, packed with protons and neutrons
• -accounts for nearly all of the atom's mass

Carbon

the study of the chemistry of compounds that contain carbon and related compounds

• -combinations of individual symbols
• -show how many atoms of each element are present

the average mass of the elements atom

the average mass of a substance's molecule

unit of measurement for the combined atomic and molecular weight

electrically charged atom

a positively charged ion

a negatively charged ion