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Acromegaly
disorder caused by excessive secretion of growth hormone; causes enlarged jows and facial bones
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Adventitious sounds
Abnormal sounds (breath)
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Aneurysm
localized dilation of a vessel wall
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Aphasia
communication that is clearly ineffective
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Apical impulse
5th intercostal space and midclavicular line
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Arcus senilis
A thin, white ring along the margin of the iris
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Atherosclerosis
Indicated by diminished or unequal carotid pulsations
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Atrophied
reduced in size
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Basal cell carcinoma
most common in sun-exposed skin; almost never spreads
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Benign (fibrocystic) breast disease
Bilateral, lumpy, painful breasts
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Borborygmi
loud, "growling" sounds indicating increased gastrointestinal motility
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Bronchophony
When voice is transmitted to the chest wall and can be heard clearly w/ stethoscope
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Bruit
Blowing sound heard over carotid artery
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Capillary refill
Test blanching nail bed & observe time elapse before nail regains full color
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Cerumen
Yellow, waxy substance from ear
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Chancre
syphilitic lesions: small open ulcers that drain serous material
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Cherry angiomas
ruby red papules
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Cirrhosis
degenerative disease of the liver
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Clubbing
a bulging of tissues at the nail base
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Conjunctivitis
highly contageous infection of the eye
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Cyanosis
Blue discoloration
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Dermititis
Inflammatory condition of the skin
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Dysrhythmia
Failure of the heart to beat at regular successive intervals
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Ectropion
eyelid margins turn out
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Eczema
general superficial dermatitis of unknown cause. Weeps then crusts/thickens
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Edema
Swollen d/t buildup of fluid in the tissues
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Entropion
eyelid margins turn in
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Erythema
red discoloration
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Excoriation
local skin breakdown
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Exophthalmos
Bulging eyes
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Goniometer
measures precise degree of motion in a particular joint
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Hemorrhoids
dilated veins that appear as reddened protrusions
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Hepatitis B virus
HBV: vaccine available
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Hernias
protrusions of abdominal organs though the muscle wall
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Hirsutism
hair growth on the upper lip of a woman
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Hydrocephalus
Build-up of cerebrospinal fluid in the ventricles
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Hypertonicity
muscle with increased tone
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Hypotonicity
Muscle with decreased tone
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Integument
consists of the skin, hair, scalp, and nails
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Jaundice
Yellow-orange discoloration
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Kyphosis
hunchback: exaggeration of the posterior curvature of the thoracic region
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Leukoplakia
Thick, white patches (in the mouth)
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Lordosis
swayback: increased lumbar curvature
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Melanoma
an aggressive form of skin cancer
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Murmurs
sustained swishing or blowing sounds heard at the beginning, middle, or end of systolic or diastolic phase
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Nystagmus
Involuntary, rhythmical oscillation of the eyes
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Ophthalmoscope
Used to inspect the fundus of the eye
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Orthopnea
Person must sit or stand to breathe comfortably and deeply
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Osteoporosis
metabolic bone disease causing a decrease in quality & quantitiy of bone
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Otoscope
Used to observe the deeper structures of the external and middle ear
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Ototoxicity
Injury to the auditory nerve
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Palpation
Involves the use of the hands to touch the body parts to make sensitive assessment
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Pancreatitis
Inflammation of the pancreas
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Papanicolaou (PAP) test
Test for cervical and vaginal cancer
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Paralytic ileus
Or peritonitis: late-stage bowel obstruction
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Peristalsis
Movement of contents through the stomach (a normal function)
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Peritonitis
Or Paralytic ileus: late-stage bowel obstruction
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PERRLA
Pupils Equal, Round, Reactive to Light, Accomodation
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Petechiae
Pinpoint-sized, red or purple dots on the skin caused by small hemorrhages in the skin layers
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Phlebitis
inflammation of a vein
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Pigmentation
Color of the skin
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Point of maximal impulse (PMI)
apical pulse: 5th intercostal space and midclavicular line
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Ptosis
An abnormal drooping of the lid over the pupil
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Pulse defecit
the radial pulse is slower than the radial pulse
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Scoliosis
Lateral spine curvature
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Senile keratosis
thickening of the skin
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Squamous cell carcinoma
Develops on outer layers of sun-exposed skin; may matastisize
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Syncope
circulatory arrest
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Tactile fremitus
Sound waves create vibrations that you can palpate externally
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Thrill
continuous, palpable sensation like the purring of a cat
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Turgor
the skin's elasticity
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Varicosities
Swollen, tortuous veins
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Ventricular gallop
Abnormal low pitched sound heard early during diastole
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Vocal fremitus
Sound waves create vibrations what you can palpate externally
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Whispered pectoriloquy
Whispered voice becomes clear/distinct during certain lung abnormalities
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