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Closer to mid-line/median plane of body
medial
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Closer to longitudinal axis
Axial
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Pertaining to nose end of head, or toward the nose; this is not interchangeable with "cranial"
Rostral
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Pertaining to the head
cephalic
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Lying down (dorsal, ventral, sternal, lateral)
recumbency
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Farthest from the center of body relative to another body part; farther from point of origin
distal
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Tail end of body or position more toward tail/rear of body than another reference point; pertaining to the base side of leg above carpus/tarsus
caudal
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Opposite or dorsal; pertaining to the belly/underside of a quadruped
ventral
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Position away from mid-line, plane of structure
lateral
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Pertaining to the back area of a quadruped or denoting a position more toward the back
dorsal
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Nearest to center of body relative to another body part
proximal
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Examples of connective tissues
fat, cartilage, and bone
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Divides body into equal right and left halves
median plane
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Movement of limb toward median line of middle of the body
adduction
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A joint, decreasing the angle between two bones
flexion
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Divides body dorsally and ventrally, not necessarily equally
dorsal plane
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Same as paramedian plane, plane dividing body into unequal right and left portions; parallel to median plane
sagittal plane
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Movement of a limb away from median line or middle of body
abduction
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Plane perpendicular to median plane; divides body into cranial & caudal parts; also organ or limb at right angle to long axis
Transverse plane
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Straightening a joint (not a limb); increasing the angle between two bones
extension
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5 functions of the skin
- protection
- store nutrients
- excrete water/salts
- absorb vitamin E
- sensory
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what is found in the corium of the hoof
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What kind of tissue is in the hypodermis
areolar
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What is the pleura
a serous membrane that covers the lungs and lines the walls of the thorax
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what are the 4 primary tissue types
- epithelial
- connective
- muscle
- nervous
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what is the epithelial tissue responsible for
covering or lining other tissues and organs
-
what is the connective tissue responsible for
supporting and connecting other tissues
-
muscle tissue is responsible for
movement and contraction
-
nervous tissue is responsible for
controlling work through electrical and chemical signals
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What is the Pulmonary(visceral) Pluera attached to?
the lungs
-
Parietal Pluera is attached to what organ
the thoracic walls
-
what does parietal mean
wall
-
What does the Parietal diaphragmatic pleura cover
the cranial surface of the diaphragm
-
What does the Parietal Mediastinal Pleura cover
mediastinum
-
what does the mediastinum have enclosed in it
- heart
- trachea
- esophagus
- thymus
- aorta
- vena cava
- vagus nerves
-
when is it referred to pericardial mediastinal plueura
when it covers the heart completely
-
list in order what the beam will hit from left to right
- Parietal coastal Pleura
- pleural cavity
- Pulmonary(visceral) pleura
- pulmonary(visceral) pleura
- pleural cavity
- Parietal coastal pleura
- pulmonary cavity
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pleural cavities contain a small amount of what?
serous fluid and nothing else
-
what would happen if you had in opening in your pleural cavity?
your lungs would collapse
-
what are the 5 layers of the epidermis
- stratum basale-deepest layer
- stratum spinosum
- stratum granulosum
- stratum lucidum
- stratum corneum
-
list the cells and their functions of the epidermis
- keratinocytes-produces keratin which gives skin its resilency
- melanocytes-produces melanin
- merkel cells-aid in the sensation of touch
- langerhans cells-helps stimulate aspects of the immune system
-
polled ruminants dont have....
horns
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what is the coronet on a horse hoof
the junction of the hoof and the skin
-
define anatomy
form and structure of the body and its parts
-
what 3 characteristics do you use to classify epithelial tissue
- # of layers of cells
- shape of cells
- presence of surface specialization
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