-
6 key terms of the chain of infection
- 1)infectious agent
- 2) a reservoir
- 3) an exit pathway
- 4) means of transmission
- 5)entry pathway
- 6) susceptible host
(p 65)
-
procedures for sharps injury
- remove sharp and wash with soap and water for a minimum of 30 seconds
- -immediately report incident to supervisor
- -report to healthcare provider for medical evaluation
-
procedures for exposure via mucous membrane
- flush the site with water or sterile saline for a minimum of 10 minutes.
- -immediately report incident to supervisor
- -report to healthcare provider for medical evaluation
(87)
-
symptoms of shock
- pale cold clammy skin
- rapid, weak pulse
- increased, shallow breathing
- expressionless face and staring eyes
-
first aid for shock
- -maintain an open airway for victim
- -call for assistance
- -keep victim laying down with head lower than the rest of the body
- -control bleeding or other cause of shock
- -keep victim warm
-
creatinine is a measure of the _____ function because it is a waste product normally removed from the body, but accumulates with its declining function.
kidney
(p146)
-
in external respiration
O2 enters the bloodstream into the lungs and CO2 leaves the bloodstream.
-
in internal respiration
O2 leaves the bloodstream and enters the cells in the tissues, and CO2 from the cells enters the blood
-
Po2 stands for
partial pressure oxygen
(p148)
-
how does CO2 effect PH?
as CO2 levels increase Ph decreases and becomes more acidic
(p148)
-
alveoli is
-tiny air sacks in the lungs where exchange of oxygen and CO2 take place.
-single layered, squamous epithelial cells surrounded by thin membrane
-
when ____ blood is collected by syringe, the pressure normally causes the blood to pump or pulse into the syringe under its own power
arteries
(p161)
-
tunica adventitia
the outer layer of a blood vessel
-
tunica media
middle layer of a blood vessel
-
tunica intima
inner layer of a blood vessel
(p153-164)
-
major structural difference between veins and arteries
valves
(p166)
-
platelet lifespan
10 days
-
normal number of platelets in the blood of an adult per cubic millimeter
- 150,000-400,000 per cubic millimeter
- (p174)
-
PT stands for
prothrombin test
(p 180)
-
APTT or PTT stands for
activated partial thromboplastin test
(p180)
-
what does an antiseptics do
- prevents or inhibits the growth and development of microorganisms but does not necessarily kill them.
- Examples:
- -70% isopropyl alcohol
- -providone-iodine (higher degree of antisepsis)
(p 194)
-
what do disinfectants do
- remove or kill microorganisms
- examples:
- -Sodium hypochlorite (bleach)
(p 195)
-
blood is transported in
biohazard bags: leak proof bag
-
what can be used in place of a tourniquet?
a blood pressure cuff no greater than 40 mm Hg
(p200)
-
a bevel is
the cut or slant of the needle
-
the shaft is
the long cylindrical portion of a needle
-
the hub is
the end that attaches to the blood collection device. AKA tube holder
(p 201 & 203)
-
what problem may arise from using a needle too small?
it may hemolyze the blood (destroy RBCs)
(p201)
-
what problem may a needle too big cause?
damage the vein
-
typical length of a multisample needle
1-1.5 inches
(p 202)
-
typical syringe needle length
1-1.5 in
-
typical butterfly needle length
1/2-3/4 inch
-
what is a resheathing device
the safety feature on a needle. (we never re-cap a needle, only resheath).
-
ETS stands for
Evacuated tube system/ multisample needles
(p 202)
-
What organization mandates a safety on every needle?
OSHA
-
what is a "short draw"
loss of vacuum during a draw.
(p 207)
-
which tube is as free of trace elements contamination as possible?
royal blue stopper tubes
(p208)
-
what temperature should tubes be shored at
between 4 and 25 Celcius
(p 209)
-
what method may be used on someone with small or difficult veins?
syringe system
(p 210)
-
what is a hypodermic needle and what device would have it?
it's a sterile syringe needle
-
what is a barrel
the cylinder with graduated markers in mL or cc measurements
-
what's a syringe transfer device for?
safe transfer of blood into the tubes without using the syringe needle or removing the tube stopper.
(p211)
-
why invert the syringe when filling tubes?
blood mixed with additive could get into to the needle and transfer to the next tube.
(p212)
-
which method would one use for small or difficult veins on hand, elderly or pediatric patients?
winged infusion set.
(p 212)
-
why discard the first tube when using a winged infusion set?
the first tube won't fill because of the air in the tube, or the additive will effect the blood-to-additive ratio in the tube used.
-
what is a "clear" tube
discard tube of blood before those used for testing
-
why don't we shake specimen for mixing?
it could cause hemolysis of the blood. invert tubes 180 degrees each time
-
methods of anticoagulation in tubes:
- 1) chelating (binding calcium) or precipitating calcium
- 2) inhibiting the formation of thrombin
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