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What is an ion?
an atom that gains or loses an electrom and becomes electrically unbalanced
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What is ionization?
the production of ions, or the process of converting an atom into ions
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What is an ion pair?
the atom as a positive ion and the ejected electrom as a negative ion. This ion pair reacts with other ions until electrically stable, neutral atoms are formed
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What is Radiation?
the emission and propagation of energy through space or a substance in the form of waves or particles
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What is Radioactivity?
the process by which certain unstable atoms or elements undergo spontaneous disintegration, or decay, in a effort to attain a more balanced nuclear state
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What are the 2 forms of Ionizing Radiation?
- 1. Particulate Radiation
- 2. Electromagnetic Radiation
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What is Particulate Radiation?
tiny particles of matter that possess mass and travel in straight lines and at high speeds
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What is electromagnetic Radiation?
the spread of wavelike energy through space or matter
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What 2 concepts are considered in electromagnetic radiation?
- 1. Particle Concept
- 2. Wave Concept
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Explain the Particle Concept
bundles of energy (photons) with no mass travel as waves at the speed of light and move in a straight line
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Explain the Wave Concept
characterizes electromagnetic radiation as waves (velocity, wavelength, frequency)
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What is X-Radiation?
high energy, ionizing electromagnetic radiation
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List the properties of x-rays
invisible, no mass, no charge, travel at speed of light, travel in straight line, penetrate fluids, solids and gases, absorbed by matter, interact with materials, cause ionization, produce image, cause biological changes
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What is primary radiation?
useful beam, primary beam
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What is secondary radiation?
created when primary beam interacts with matter. Less penetrating than primary beam
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What is Scatter Radiation?
x-ray that is deflected from it's path by interaction with matter. Most detrimental to patient and radiographer
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What are the 3 interactions of X-Radiation?
- 1. Pass through patient
- 2. Absorbed by patient
- 3. Scattered
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What does measuring the HVL determine?
the penetrating quality of the beam
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