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Microorganisma
- Microbes
- To small to see w/out microscope
- Decompase waste
- Produces ethonal, acetone, vinegar, cheese, bread
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Microorganism types
- Bacteria
- Archaea
- Fungi
- Protazoa
- Algae
- Viruses
- Mulitcellular animal parasites
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Pathogenic organisms
Disease causing microb
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Microbe purpose
- Prevent food spoilage
- Prevent disease occurrence
- Led to aseptic techniques
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Nomenclature
- Naming of organisms
- Linnaeus est. system of naming
- Genus
- Species
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Genus
- Capitalized
- Italicized or underlined
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Species
- Follows genus
- Italicized and underlined
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Prokaryotes
- Single-celled orgamisms
- Gentic material is NOT enclosed in a membrane
- Bacteria, Archaea
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Eukaryotes
- Organisms that have DISTINCT nucleus with gentic material
- Fungi
- Protozoa
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Bacteria
- Prokaryotes
- Peptidoglycan (protein-card) cell wall
- Binary fussion-divide into 2 equal cells
- Energy=photosythesis, chemicals
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Archaea
- Prokaryotic
- No peptidoglycan wall
- Live in extreme enviroment
- Methanogens-make methane
- Halophiles-love salt
- Thermophilies-love heat
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Fungi
- Eukaryotes
- Chitin cell wall
- Mold has visible mass called mycelia made of hyphaeYeast is unicellular
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Protozoa
- Eukartoytes
- Move by flagella, pseudopods, cilia
- Absorb or ingest organic chemicals
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Algea
- Eukaryotes
- Photosynthetic energy
- Cellulose (carb) cell wall
- Produce oxygen, carbohycrates
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Viruses
- Acellular cell containing DNA or RNA core
- Core surrounded by protein coat-which may be in a lipid coat
- Can only reproduce when in living host
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Multicellular Animal Parasites
- Eukaryotes
- Mulitcellular animals
- Flatworms and Roundworms-HelminthsCant live w/out host
- Egg life cycle
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Robert Hooke
- 1665
- Dicovered cells or tiny boxes
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Rudolf Virchow
Said cells arise from peexisiting cells
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Anton Van Leeuwenhoek
Dicovered live microorganisms
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Spontaneous generation
Hypothesis that living organisms arise from nonliving matter
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Biogenesis
Hypothesis that living organisms arise from preexiting life
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Pasteur
- Pasteurization
- Learned heat killed spoilage bacteria
- "S" chaped flask
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Fermentation
The conversion of sugar and alcohol to make beer and wine.
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Joseph Lister
Developed chemical disinfectant used to prevent surgical infection
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Robert Koch
- Prove that microbs cause disease
- Kocks Postulates
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Edward Jenner
- Discovered vaccination (cowpox)
- Immunity
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Alexander Fleming
- Discovered antiniotics
- Penicillin killed S. aureus
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Bacteriology
The study of bacteria
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Mycology
The study of fungi
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Virology
The study of viruses
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Parasitology
The study of protozoa and parasitic worms
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Immunology
The study of immunity
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Microbial genetics
The study of how microbes inherit traits
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Molecular biology
The study of how DNA directs protein synthesis
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Genomics
The study of an orgamisms genes
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Recombinant DNA
- DNA made from two different sources
- Pauls Berg inserted animal DNA into bacteria DNA, the bacteria produces an animal protein
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Microbial Ecology
- Bacteria recycle cardon, nutrients, sulfur, phosphorus that can be use by plants and animals
- Can be good and bad
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Bioremediation
- Bacteria degrade organic matter-sewage
- Detoxifying pollutants-oil-mercury
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Biotechnology
The use of microbes to produce food, chemicals
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Recombinant DNA technology
- Enables bacteria and fungi to produce proteins-vaccines-enzymes
- Gene therapy
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Normal Microbiota
- Flora-all over body in and out
- #1 defence-prevent growth of pathogens
- Resistance-ability to ward off disease
- Skin, stomach acid
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Biofilms
Like to congregate, form communities
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Emerging Infectious Diseases EIDs
New stronger diseases increase and # of cases increase
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Avian influenza A (bird flu)
- influenza A viris
- Waterfowl or poultry
- Not yet human to human transfer
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MRSA
- Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
- Basicaly resistant to everything-new strands
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