Refers to the relative amount of drug that reaches the systemic circulation
Bioavailability
A measure of acidity
pH
The ratio of drug concentration in 2 phases separated by a semipermeable membrane
Concentration Gradient
Refers to a more comprehensive concept that includes the drug formulation and the dynamic interactions among the drug, its formulation matrix, its container, and the patient
DDS or Drug Delivery System
Substance that may exist in more than one crystalline form or amorphous form
Polymorphism
These are addition compounds of drug and water
Hydrates
The equation that best describe the overall rate of drug dissolution
Noyes-Whitney Equation
Which type of formulation may accidentally release active drug from a dosage form
Vehivle substances
Ability of chemical compound to exist as optically active sterioisomers or enantiomers
Chirality
The dissociation constant for weak base which ionizes according to the equation: HB + H2O = H2O + B is equal to ______
Kb = [H3O] + [B] / [BH]
Drugs administered by intrathecal route are absorbed in the ____
CSF or Cerebrospinal Fluid
Spinal Fluid
Is the delivery of the active ingredient from a dosage form into a solution
Liberation
The process by which a drug enters the bloodstream
Absorption
Those multiple source drug products that contain identical amount of the identical active ingredients in identical dosage form are called ____
Pharmaceutical Equivalent
Are additives which are necessary in formulating a dosage form from a drug
Pharmaceutical Excipient
The dose size required to maintain the effectiveness or therapeutic concentration according to the dosage regimen
Steady State?
The ratio of drug concentration in the lipid phase over the concentration of the drug in the aqueous phase
APC or Apparent Partition Coefficient (Lipid-Water Coefficient)
The route of administration that gives the fastest onset of pharmacologic effect is ____
IV bolus administration
The rapid degradation of a drug by liver enzymes in a liver prior to its absorption
First pass effect?
The mathematical equation used in determining the passage of drug across cell membrane
Henderson Hasselbach Equation
These are addition compounds of drug and organic solvents
Solvates
The extent or fraction of drug absorbed upon extravascular administration in comparison to the standard with similar dose size administered
Bioequivalence?
Pharmacokinetic parameter that gives useful information about the amount of drug systemically absorbed is ____
AUC or Area Under the Curve
The route of drug administration that provides complete (100%) bioavailability is ____
Intravascular Route
The extent of ionization of a weak electrolyte drug is dependent on ____ and ____
pKa and pH
The process with the slowest rate constant in a system of simultaneous kinetic process
Rate Limiting Step
The lipid phases employed in the determination of apparent partition coefficient include ____
Octanol
Chloroform
Cyclohexane
Isopropyl Myristate
The ions of added electrolyte require water for hydration reducing the amount of water available for the solution of the non-electrolyte is the phenomenon of ____
Hydrolysis?
An agent that takes up another substance into its intraspace structure is called ____
Clathrates
The property of absorbing moisture from the atmosphere
Hygroscopicity?
Method that includes sampling of blood, spinal fluid, tissue biopsy, or any biological material that requires parenteral or surgical intervention in the patient is ____
Invasive Method
The prerequisite of absorption at the absorption site is ____
solution or receptor?
dissolution??
Which of the following peroral dosage forms is likely to exhibit the shortest lag time
powders or solutions(true solutions)?
The rectal route of administration may be preferred over the peroral route for some systemic-acting drugs because
Partial first-pass effect
Differences in bioavailability are most frequently observe with drugs administered by which of the ff routes?
Oral and Rectal?
Which of the following series in kinetic processes may be the rate-limiting step for drugs that are poorly soluble in aqueous media
Drug Dissolution
Use of free acid or free base form of the drug ____ the rate of drug dissolution from a tablet (increases, decreases)
Decreases
Which of the following is the first process that must occur before a drug can become available for GI absorption from a tablet dosage form?
Formation of solutions?
Which of the ff types of dosage form does not require dissolution prior to absorption?
Intravenous Dosage Form
Given the pKa value of a drug, the theoretical equilibium ratio of weak acids can be calculated as
Are complexes that typically involve a ring-like structure formed by the interaction between a partial ring of atoms and a metal
Chelates
Equal mixtures of dextrorotatory and levorotatory enantiomers are called
Racemic Mixtures
Different polymorphs of the same drug exhibit differences in ____
Physical Properties
Using the equation dc/dt = DA / h * (Cs-C), which factor/s is/are inversely proportional to the rate of dissolution in tle lipid membrane of lipoid soluble unionize substances?
h or Thickness of the standard layer
The smallest particle size approved by the FDA is ____
1 - 10 micrometer
What factors may influence drug liberation process?
Route of Administration
Physico-chemical Factors
Pharmaco-technical Factors
Substances that exist as ions and rapidly dissociates in water are called ____
Electrolytes
Aqueous phase employed in the determination of APC ____