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What are the 5 characteristics of bureacracy?
- 1) Division of Labor
- 2) Hierarchy of authority
- 3) Written rules and regulations
- 4) Impersonality
- 5) Employment based on technical qualifications
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What are the two purposes of deviance from a functionalist prospective?
- 1) Helps define the limits of proper behavior
- 2) Changes the norms
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What is Kuznets Curve and its implications?
How societies evolve over time. The curve represents the gap between top and bottom of society. Greater gap = Greater instability
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What is false consciousness?
An attitude held by members of a class that does not accurately reflect their objective position
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Who said 'survival of the fittest'?
Spencer (friends with Darwin)
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Who was the first applied sociologist?
Jane Adams: All priors were theoretical (sat and thought about problems and people)... Marx and Dubois were theoretical
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Define Sapir Whorf Hypothesis
How language defines a culture. More words for something increases its importance to society
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A deviant behavior to highlight an injustice is____
civil disobedience
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What is the Peter Principal
Employees rise to their level of incompetance
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Define dysfunction of advertising
creates consumerism which creates impossible wants
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What is the digital divide?
Lack of access to hte latest technology among low income minorities and developing countries
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What is a secondary group?
A formal, impersonal group with little social intamacy or mutual understanding (pg 425)
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What is a reference group?
The group of people you want to be.
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What is racism
One race is supreme, all others inferior
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What is prejudice?
A negative attitude toward a category of people (often minorities)
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What is a stereotype?
Unreliable generalizations about all members of a group (no induviduals)
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What is differential association?
Sutterland: holds that violation of rules results from exposure to attitudes favorable to criminal acts.
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What is degradation?
To be resocialized such as in the military
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What is an achieved status?
Becoming something like a proffessor etc.
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What is an ascribed status?
Your characteristics: Ex white, middle aged, etc
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What is role exit?
Exiting one role for another: Ex high school to college
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What is narcotizing dysfunction?
When the public becomes numb to an issue due to extreme amounts of media coverage
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What is gate keeping?
When a small group of people control the media industry and ultimately what reaches the population
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What is egocasting?
Personalized news: Cut off from other news
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What is functionalism?
It asks "how does this work?" and "who does it function for"
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What is conflict?
Who is getting screwed, power differential
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What are the three parts of symbolic interactionism?
- 1) Man vs women and teacher vs student
- 2) Role differential
- 3) What does this mean, what purpose does it serve
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Who was the father of sociology?
Auguste
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Who was the founder of the scientific method)
Durkheim
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What is impression management?
Goffman's process: Though are daily activities we try to convey impressions of who we are to others
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What is the looking glass self?
Cooley: we learn by interacting with others
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What is a 'rite of passage'
Life events that mark our entrance into a new role
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What is trained incapacity?
WHen workers become so specialized they develop blind spots and fail to notice obvious problems
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What is dominant ideology?
a set of cultural beleifs and practices that helps maintain powerful social, economic, and political interests
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What is the conflic view of society?
Characterized by tension and struggle between groups
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What is latent function?
An unconscious or unintended function that may reflect hidden purposes
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What is an argot?
Specialized language used by members of a group or subculture
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What is culture?
The totality of learned, socially transmitted customs, knowledge, material and behavior.
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What is a folkway?
A norm governing everyday behavior who violation raises comparitively little concern
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What is an informal norm?
A norm that is generally understood but not prescisely recorded
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What is a more?
Norms deemed highly important to the welfare of society
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What is a norm?
An established standard of behavior maintained by a society
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What is ethnography?
The study of an entire social setting through extended systematic observation
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What is content analysis?
A systematic coding and objective recording of data guided by some rationale
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What is causal logic?
The relationship between a condition or variable and a particular consequence, with one event leading to another
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