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Hormones of the Anterior Pituatary
- Growth hormone
- Thyroid stimulating hormone(TSH)
- Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
- Follice stimulating hormone (FSH)
- Luteinizing hormone (LH)
- Melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH)
- Prolactin
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Hormones of the Posterior Pituitary
- Oxytocin
- Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
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Hormones of the Thyroid
- Thyroxine (T4)
- Triiodothyronine (T4)
- Calcitonin
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Hormone of Parathyroid
Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
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Hormones of the Adrenal Medulla
- Epinephrine (adrenaline)
- Norepinephrine (noradrenaline)
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Hormones of the Adrenal Cortex
- Corticosteroids (eg cortisol, hydrocortisone)
- Androgens (eg testosterone, androsterone) and estrogen
- Mineralcorticoids(eg aldosterone)
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Hormones of Pancreas (Islets of Langerhans)
- Insulin (from beta cells)
- Amylin (from beta cells)
- Glucagon (from alpha cells)
- Somatostatin
- Pacreatic polypeptide
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Hormones of Gonads
- Women:ovaries-estrogen
- Men:testes-testosterone
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Factors that stimulate the secretion of insulin
- Increased glucose levels
- increased Amino acid levels
- Increased Gastrointestinal hormone levels
- Increased Vagal stimulation
- Increased fats
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Factors that inhibit Insulin secretion
- Decreased glucose levels
- Decreased Amino acid levels
- Decreased K+ levels
- Increased corticosteroid hormone levels
- Increased catecholamine levels
- Increased Somatostatin levels
- Increased glucagon levels(usually)
- Increased insulin levels
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Potent mineralocorticoid that maintains extracellular fluid volume
Aldosterone
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Target and functions of corticosteroids
- Promotes metabolism, response to stress, antiinflammatory
- Targets all cells
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Target and functions of insulin
- Promotes movement of glucose out of blood and into cells
- Target is general
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Target and functions of Thyroid hormones
- T4-precursor to T3
- T3-REgulates metabolic rate of all cells and processed of cell growth and tissue differntiation
- Calcitronin-Regulates calcium and phosphorus blood levels;decreased serum Ca2+ levels
- T3&T4 targets all body tissues
- Calcitronin targets bone tissue
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Target and function of Parathyroid hormone
- Regulates calcium and phosphorus blood levesl;promotes bone demineralization and increases intestinal absorption of Ca2+;increased serum Ca2+ levels
- Targets:bone, intestine, kidneys
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Target and function of Amylin
- Decreases motility, glucagon secretion, endogenous glucose release form live and satiety
- Targets:liver and stomach
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Target and function of Posterior pituitary
- Oxytocin-stimulates milk secretion, uterine contractility
- Targets:uterus;mamary glands
- Antidiuretic (ADH)-Promotes reabsorption of water, vasocontriction
- Targets:renal tubules, vascular smooth muscle
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Target and Function of Gonads
- Ovaries:
- Estrogen:stimulates development of 2nd sex characteristics, prepartatio of uterus for fertilization and fetal development;stimulates bones growth
- Targets:Reproductive system, breasts
- Progesterone:Maintains lining of uterus necessary for successful pregnancy
- Targets:Reproductive system
- Testes:
- Testosterone:Stimulates development of 2nd sex characteristics,spermatogenesis
- Targets:Reproductive system
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The most important stimulus to ADH secretion
Plasma osmolality
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The pituitary is regulated by the ___________ through releasing and inhibiting homones
hypothalamus
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Affects the growth and development of skeletal muscles and long bones, along with numerous biologic actions including a role in protein, fat and carb metabolism
Growth hormone
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Hormone produced by C cells of the thyroid gland in response to high circulating calcium levels. Inhibits reabsorption from bone, increases calcium storage in bone and increases renal excretion of calcium
- Calcitonin
- Does not play a critical role in calcium balance
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The most abundant and potent glucocorticoid. Regulates blood glucose concentration, increases blood glucose through stimulation of hepatic gluconeogeneisis and inhibiting protein synthesis. Have anitinflammatory action and supports repsonse to stress
Cortisol
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Synthesized and released from pancreatic alpha cells in response to low levels of blood glucose
glucagon
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