-
Positive emotion vs negative
pos - vta increase nAc and decrease Amy
neg - raphe increase amy and decrease nAc
-
TOM- theory of mind
ability to infer what others are thinking
-
NA
- from locus ceruleus - Lc
- attention control
- learning and memory
- control of emotion
- deep non-rem sleep
-
His
- from mamillotuberal nuc- MTn
- attention control and arousal
- modulation of body energy stores
- supports learning and memory
-
5HT
- Raphe nuclei - nR
- inhibition of behavior
- modulation of emotion
- support of learning and memory
- control of non rem sleep
-
Ach
- pontopeduncular tegmental nuc. and nuc. basalis
- PPT and NB
- memory and learning
- modulation of emotion
- REM sleep
-
DA
- ventral tegmental area and nuc. accumbens
- VTA and nAc
- "reward" network
- control of emotion
- memory and learning
-
5 neurochemical signaling systs
- single source divergent
- use SP, PP, RP connections
-
Cingulate cortex
- attention control
- tectum -> pulvinar -> cingulate gyrus, PFc
controlled by the PF working memory
-
Working memory
- directs all activity
- 5 single source divergent networks -> medial dorsal thal. nuc -> PFc
-
Working memory tasks
- Planning - what is useful info
- selection and suppresion - focus on relevant info
- task monitoring - keeping relevant info first
- coding and trigger. consolidation- short term -> LTM
-
Right LPF cortex
perceptual processes
-
Left LPF cortex
language/semantic info
-
working memory deficits
dementia
-
medial PFC and orbital PFC
emotion
-
-
-
trigger for sleep
adenosine
-
sensation perception
- awake:
- bottom-up and top-down
-
movement in sleep
- NREM - transitory and involuntary
- REM- triggered but inhibited
-
5 modulatory networks
- each a unique transmitter
- single -source divergent
- the first networks wired developmentally
- all work together
-
Glial cell fxns
- regulate avail. glucaose and O2
- guide neurite outgrowth - development
- control reuptake of NT's
- control diffusion of NT's
- buffer increaess in extracell K+
- control density and distribution of ion channels
- makes saltatory impulse possible
- forms BBB
-
Microglia 3 personalities
- resting
- activated
- phagocytic
-
tripartite synapse
- presynaptic neuron
- postsyn neuron
- glial cell
-
Brain mapping methods/tests
EEG - oldest, good time, poor location
PET - measures glu and blood flow, good location, poor time, radioactive
fMRI - newest shows O2 areas, best
-
Interneurons
- inhibitory
- produce rapid alterations in TIME WINDOWS of synaptic convergence, allows binding, crucial for learning and memories
-
-
interneurons:
- lack dendritic spines
- connections with principal cells
- inhibitory networks- gap junctions and electrical coupling
- all GABA NT but different NP's
-
Neurons
- Principal - spiny
- interneurons - non spiny
-
principal spiny cells
- glutamatergic - excitatory
- 80% of neurons
- synapses are absent
-
Feed-forward
- elicited excitation - sustain the excitatory discharge
- elicited inhibition- produces on-off gating response
-
feed-back
- recurrent excitation- accelerates original cell output
- recurrent inhibition- slowly supress cell output
-
autapses
conections with self
-
-
-
hierarchical circuit
- uses SP, PP, RP
- from area to area
-
local circuts
- feed-forward and feed-back
- excitatory and inhibitory
-
Hebbian Assembly - distributed system
- hubs of activity
- each node near or far from one another
- communicates via SP, PP, RP
are hierarchiacally organized, local division within
Sculpted, glued together by synaptic plasticity
-
Neural darwinism
- edelman
- environment/experience selects channels/builds brain networks
-
Synaptic plasticity
- HEBB
- neural assemblies are put together with plastic learning
- those tracts used more grow, not used die
-
weeks until break
- 3 so stop being lazy
- work your ass off
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