-
In reducing cholesterol levels, it is more important to reduce the intake of ______ than to reduce the intake of cholesterol itself.
Saturated Fats
-
There are __________ major classes of plasma lipoproteins.
Six
-
Of all the lipoproteins, __________ make the greatest contribution to coronary atherosclerosis.
low-density lipoproteins (LDLs)
-
Macrophages that engulf more and more cholesterol and become large and vacuolated are called ______________
cells.
foam
-
How long must treatment for high levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol continue?
______________________
For Life
-
Metabolic syndrome arises from
insulin resistance
-
The most dangerous side effect of statins is
rhabdomyolysis
-
The principal response to bile sequestrants is a
reduction in LDL levels
-
All of the drugs discussed in this chapter carry the significant risk factor of
Hemorrage
-
Formation of an arterial thrombus begins with _________________,
adhesion of platelets to the arterial wall (adhesion is stimulated by damage to the wall or rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque)
-
whereas venous thrombi develop at sites where_________________.
blood flow is slow. Stagnation of blood initiates the coagulation cascade, resulting in the production of fibrin, which enmeshes red blood cells and platelets to form the thrombus.
-
Anticoagulant drugs disrupt the_________________
coagulation cascade
-
antiplatelet drugs inhibit__________________,
platelet aggregation
-
thrombolytic drugs promote____________.
lysis of fibrin, thereby causing dissolution of thrombi
-
By promoting the inactivation of ______and factor________, heparin ultimately suppresses
formation of fibrin
thrombin, Xa
-
Which is the preferred anticoagulant for use during pregnancy?
Heparin
-
The antidote for severe heparin overdose is
protamine sulfate
-
Advantages of low-molecular-weight heparins include
_____________, _________________, ____________________, and
_____________________.
Low-molecular-weight (LMW) heparins can be given on a fixed-dose schedule and do not require aPTT monitoring;
they can be used at home;
they are much less likely cause thrombocytopenia;
they are now considered first-line therapy for the prevention and treatment of deep vein thrombosis (DVT)
-
The prototype for the oral anticoagulant group is
Warfarin
-
Heparin and warfarin decrease fibrin formation. Heparin inactivates ____________________ and _________________, whereas warfarin
______________________.
thrombin, factor Xa,
inhibits synthesis of clotting factors
-
________________ is approved for prevention of thrombotic stroke.
Ticlopidine
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