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Anatomy
Branch of science dealing with the form and structure of the body
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Physiology
The study of body functions
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organ systems
A group of organs coordinated to carry on a specialized function
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organism
An individual living thing
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metabolism
All the chemical reactions in cells that break down or build up substances
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homeostasis
A state of balance in which the body's internal environment remains in the normal range
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cavity
a whole that cotains viscera
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membrane
thin covering between a cavity and viscera
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anatomical position
the body is standing erect, face forward, with the upper limbs at the sides and palsm forward
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sagittal
refer to a lengthwise plane that divides the body into right and left portions
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Superior
means that a body part is body below another part, or near the head
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inferior
a body part is below another body part, or near the feet
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anterior
(ventral) towards the front
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posterior
opposite of anterior, means towards the back
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medial
imaginary midline dividing the body in half
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lateral
toward the side with respect to the midline
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proximal
with reference to another part - closer that then the point of reference
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distal
the opposite of proximal - farther from the point of origin
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superficial
situated near the sufer of the skin
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deep
situated more internal than the surface
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transferse
a plane that divides the body into anterior and posterior portions
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frontal (coronal)
anterior and posterior portions
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dorsal cavity
cavity in the back of the body
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cranial cavity
contains the skull
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ventral cavity
located in the top of the body
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pericardial cavity
contains the heart
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abdominal cavity (contains)
stomach, liver, spleen, gall bladder, kidneys, large & small intestines
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mesentery
holds the abdominal in place
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pelvic cavity (contains)
large portion of the large intestine, urinary bladder, and the internal reproductiv organs
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Integumetary System (organs/function)
skin, hair, nails, sweat glands, and sebaceous glands// protect underlying tissue
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skeletal (organs/function)
bones, ligaments, cartlages// provide framework anmd protective shield for softer tissues
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muscular system (organs/function)
muscles// provide forces that move the body
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nervous system (organs/function)
brain, spinal cord, nervous and sense organs// these all ecieve and trasport information telling the body what to do
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endocrine system (organs/function)
grands// secrete hormones (chemical messangers)
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digestive system (organs/function)
mouth, tounge, teeth, salvary glands, pharynx, esophogus, stomach, liver, gall baldder, pancreas, small intestine, and large intestine// to break down and absorb food
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respiratory system (organs/function)
nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs// oxygen passes from the air within the lungs into the blood and carbon leaves
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circulatory system (organs/function)
blood, blood vesssels, lymphatics, and heart// concerned with the circulation of the blood and lymph
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lymphatic system (organs/function)
lymph nodes, lymphatic vessels, lymph fluid, thymus, spleen// fight against infections
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urinary system (organs/function)
kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra// remove wastes from the body
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reproductive system (organs/function)
- males:
- scrotum, testes, epididymis, rasa deferentia, seminal wesicles, prostate gland, bulourethral glands, penis, and urethia
- female:
- ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, vagina, clitoris, and vulva
- //creating another individul
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thoracic cavity (organs)
lungs, trachea and esophagus, heart, mediastinum
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reproductive organs (name)
genital
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front of elbow (name)
antecubital
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between the anus and reproductive organs (name)
perineal
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middle of thorax (name)
sternal
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back of knee (name)
popliteal
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lower posterior region of the head (name)
occipital
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abdominal wall near thigh (groin)
inguinal
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Characteristics of Life (list and describe)
METABOLISM
- - movement: change in position, maybe in internal or external
- - responsiveness: sense changes and react, may be internal or external
- - growth: increase in body size
- - reproduction:: new cells and to produce offspring
- - respiration: use of oxygen & release carbon dioxide (cellular respiration 0 use of oxygen to release energy from foods)
- - digestion: breaking food into useable forms of energy
- - absorption: using the vitamins, minerals, and other usable particles into the blood stream and other areas
- -circulation: mvement of body fluids
- -assimilation: the ability to change substances into what is needed
- -excretion: removal of wastes
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The necessities of life for ALL organisms (list)
- - waster
- - food
- - oxygen (every organism uses it but not directly)
- - heat
- - pressure
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Axial (describe)
upper and low portions
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parietal membranes
menbranes attached to the wall or lines the cavity
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visceral membrane
membrane that covers organ
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cavity (actual def)
potention space between the visceral and parietal membranes
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Serous Fluid
watery fluid that acts as a lubrricant between cavity membranes
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parietral pleura
membrane that lines the thoracic cavity
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visceral pleura
membrane that covers the lungs
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Pericardial cavity (break down of name)
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parietal pericardium
membrane that forms sac around the heart
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visceral pericardium
membran on the heart's surface
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parietal perituneum
membrane that lines the walls of the abdominopelvic cavity
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visceral perituneum
membrane rht covers each organ
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cross section
ex - cutting a bone straight across
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oblique section
ex - cutting a bone diagnally
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longitudial section
ex - cutting a bone, long ways, straight down the middle in hopes of getting too equal parts I would assume
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