Test 1 review CH1

evaluating early evidence of rheumatoid arthritis at the second through fifth proximal phalanges and MCP joints. It also may demonstrate fractures of the base of the fifth metacrpal

Norgaard method

8

the radius crosses over the ulna

Capitate

pisiform

Prevents foreshortening of bones and closing of IP joints

the ulnar notch and the head of the ulna

if part measures more than 10 cm

the surgical neck of the humerus

27

Boxer's fracture

• Colles' (posterior)
• Smith's (anterior)

Scaphoid

Gaynor-Hart method

the hamate, it is anterior and its called the hamulus

Capitulum

PA axial

trochlea

partial flexion

diaphysis

true lateral, with a BB marker at the point of entry

14

saddle joint

tuft to articulating carpal and associated joints

mid forearm region

206

• to support ant protect many soft tissues of teh body
• to allow movement through interaction with the muscles to form system levers
• to produce blood cells
• to store calcium

• to distribute oxygen and nutrients to the cells of the body
• to carry cell waste and carbon dioxide from the cells
• to transport water, elecrtolytes, hormones, and enzymes
• to protect against disease
• to prevent hemorrhage by forming blood clots
• to help reguylate body temperature

• to prepare food for absoption by the cells through numerous physical and chemical breakdown processes
• to eliminate solid wastes from the body

• to supply oxygen to the blood and eventually to the cells
• to eliminate carbon dioxide from the blood
• to assist in regulating the acid-base balance of the blood

• to regulate the chemical composition of the blood
• to eliminate many waste products
• to regulate fluid and elecrtolyte balance and volume
• to maintain the acid-base balance of the body

to reproduce the organism

to regulate the body activities with electrical impulses that travel along various nerves

• to allow movement, such as locomotion of the body or movement of substances thorugh the alimentary canal.
• to maintain posture
• to produce heat

to regulate bodily activities through the various hormones carried by the cariovascular system

• regulate body temperature
• protect the body, within limits, against microbial invasion and mechanical, chemical, and utlraviolet (UV) radiation damage
• eliminate waste products through perspiration
• receive certain stimuli such as temperature, pressure, and pain
• syntesize certain vitamins and biochemicals such as vitamin D

80

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in certain flat and irregular bones such as the sternum, ribs, vertebrae, and pelvis as well as the end of long bones

the diaphysis

the epiphyses and epiphyseal plates

the study of joints or articulations

• synarthrosis
• amphiarthroses
• diarthrosis

immovable joint

joint with limited movement

freely movable joint

• fibrous
• cartilaginous
• synovial

• Syndesmoses
• sutures
• gomphosis

fibrous aritculations that are held together by inerosseous ligaments and slender fibrous cords that allow slight movement (amphiarthrodial). the inferior or distal tibiofibular joint is considered a syndesmoses type joint

Found only between the bones of the skull, movement is very limited and in adults these are considered immovable (synarthrodial)

a conical process is inserted into a socketlike portion of bone. only occurs between the roots of teeth and alveolar sockets fo the mandible and maxillae. allows very limited movement (amphiarthorodial)

• Symphisis
• synchondrosis

• the presence of a broad, glattened disk of fibrocartilage between 2 contiguous bony surfaces. These disks are capable of being compressed and displaced, allowme some movement, which makes them amphiarthrodial
• examples are the intervertebral disks and are also found in the pubic symphysis

temporary forms of joints, the hyline cartilage or epiphyseal plate, which is converted into bone at adulthood. it is considered immovable or synarthodial

a fibrous capsule that contains synovial fluid and they are freely movable or diarthrodial

• plane (gliding) joints
• ginglymus(hinge)jonts
• trochoid (pivot) joints
• Ellipsoid joints
• sellar (saddle) joints
• speroidal (ball and socket) joints
• bicondylar joints

it permits the least movement, which is a sliding or gliding motion between articulating surfaces. Examples are intercarpal joints, carpometacarpa joints, intermetacarpal joints

permit flexion and extension. examples include interphalangeal joints of both fingers and toes and the elbow joint.

this joint movemente occurs primarily in one plane and is combined with a slight degree of rotation at an axis at right angles of primary plane of movement. allows primarily flexion and extension, and abduction and adduction. examples include teh metacarpophalangeal joints and the wrist joint

is formed by a bony, pivotlike process that is surrounded by a ring of ligaments and/or a bony structure. it allows rotational movement around a single axis. Examples are the proxima and distal radioulnar joints and between the 1st and 2nd cervical vertebrae C1-C2

the ends of the bone are shaped concave-convex and are positioned opposite of eachother. Allows flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, and circumduduction. The best example is the first carpometacarpal joint.

allows the greatest freedom of motion. the greater the depth of the socket, the more limited the movement is. movements include flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, circumduction, and medial and lateral rotation. Esamples are the hip joint and shoulder joint.

usually provide movement in a single direction. they can permit limited rotation. Bicondylar joints are formed by two convex condyles, which may be encased by a fibrous capsule. examples are the knee and the temporomadiular joint.

an image of a patients anatomic part(s).

the process and procedures of producing a radiograph

image receptor

central ray

any longitudina plane that divides the body into right and left parts

any longitudinal plane that divides the body into anterior and posterior parts.

divides teh body into approximately equal anterior and posterionr parts

any transverse plane that passes through the body at right angles to a longitudinal plane, dividing the body into superion and inferior portions.

a longitudinal or transverse plane that is at an angle or slant and is not parallel to a sagittal, coronal, or horizontal plane

laying on back

lying on abdomen

upright position

lyinh down in any position

recumbent position with body tilted with the head lower than the feet

a recumbent position with the body tilted with the head higher than the feet

a recumbent oblique position wht the patien lying on the left anterior side, with the right knee and thigh flexed and the left arm extended down behind the back

a recumbent position with knees and hip flexed and thight abduccted and rotated externally, supported by ankle supports

axial projection refers to the long axis of the body, structure, or part. any angle of the CR of 10 or more degrees along the long axis of the body or body part

touching a curve or surface at only one point

specific AP chest projection. the term lordotic comes from lordosis (term that denotes curvature of the cervical and lumbar spine)

The CR enters at the cranial parietal bone and exits at the acanthion (junction of nose and upper lip)

CR enters at the acanthion and exits at the cranial parietal bone

CR enters below the chin or mentum and exits at the vertex or top of the skull

entering at the top of the skull and exiting below teh mandible

on the same side of the body

on the opposite side of the body