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Because
Plain form + から
- 頭が痛いから薬を飲んだ。
- Because I have a headache I drank medice.
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Since, because
- Plain form + ので
- (Noun & な-adjective = なので)
- 漢字が多いので、日本語の新聞を読むのは大変です。
- It is tough reading a Japanese newspaper because there is a lot of kanji.
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As, since, so
- て-form
- (ない = なくて)
- (い-adjective = くて)
- (な-adjective = で)
- 弟は、オバケが怖くて、夜一人でトイレに行けません。
- Since my younger brother is scared of ghosts he can't go to the bathroom alone at night.
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~and (used to list reasons)
Plain form + し
- 彼女は可愛いし，頭がいいし，面白いよ。
- She's cute, and smart, and interesting.
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Because, due to (cause-reason)
- Plain form + ために
- (Noun + のために)
- 雨のためにピクニックへ行きませんでした。
- Because of the rain I did not go to the picnic.
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In order to / for the benefit of / (purpose)
- Dictionary form + ために
- (Noun + のために)
- 日本語がペラペラになるために，日本に来たんだ。
- I came to Japan in order to become fluent in Japanese.
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Conditional form
書 けば, 食べ れば, す れば, く れば, 安 ければ, よ ければ, 静か なら, 雨 なら, キリン であれば
If
- 知りたければ、彼女にちょくせつ聞いてよ。
- If you want to know, you should ask her directly about it.
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When~ / If~ (inevitable condition)
Plain form + と
- 薬を飲むとすぐなおるかも知れません。
- If you take the medicine, you'll probably get better soon.
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I wish / I hope / Would be nice if
Plain form + といい
- 明日はれるといいな。
- I hope the weather clears up tomorrow.
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When~ , Then~ (discovery)
Dictionary form + と, ~final verb(past)
- 窓をあけると, 湖が見えました。
- When you open the window then you can see the lake.
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If (supposition)
た-form + ら
- 駅に行ったら新聞を買ってください 。
- If you go to the station please buy a newspaper.
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When / after (actions in sequence)
た-form + ら
- 家に着いたら君に電話するよ。
- I will give you a call after I get home.
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When / then (discovery)
た-form + ら, ~final verb(past)
- 日本語を勉強したら, 辞書を使います。
- When I study Japanese, I use a dictionary.
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How about doing / Why don't you (suggestive)
た-form + ら(どう)
- ダイエットしたらどうだ。
- Why don't you go on a diet?
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Even if
て-form + も
- 貧乏でも君が結婚したいだ。
- Even if you're poor, I want to marry you.
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Even though / in spite of
- Plain form + のに
- Noun + なのに
- 漢字を読めるのに意味はわかりません。
- Even though I can read the kanji、I don`t know the meaning.
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If that's the case (supposition)
Plain form + なら
- 明日雨なら私は家にいます。
- If it rains tomorrow, I will stay at home.
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As for~ (used to take up a topic)
Nounなら
- 由美子ならあそこの木の下で寝てるよ。
- If you're looking for Yumiko, she's sleeping under the tree over there.
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