connective tissue

mesenchyme

• splanchic mesoderm (walls of GI tract)
• somatic mesoderm (body walls)

fibers and ground substance

collagen and proteoglycans

glycosaminoglycans and protein core

GAGs have lots of negative charges and are attracted to Na+ which brings water with it

hydrated gel allows rapid diffusion of water-soluble molecules through ground substance but slows the passage of lg molecules and bacteria...creates turgor of ECM to resist stress

preprocollagen (rER)--->procollagen (rER)--->tropocollagen/collagen (outside the cell via protease)--->collagen fibrils--->collagen fibers

CT and reticular laminae of basement membranes

fibrocytes/blasts, sm muscle cells, chondrocytes/blasts, osteocytes/blasts

most common, "classic collagen"

in hyaline, elastic cartilage and fibrocartilage (intervertebral disks)

assoc w/ type 1; called "reticular fibers", characteristic structural scaffolding of lymphoid tissues and bone marrow

• reticular lamina
• anchoring fibrils

• basal lamina
• lamin binding

fibrocytes/blasts in LCT and by reticular cells in lymphoid tissues and in bone marrow

highly glycosylated; delicate silver-staining networks (vs thick bundles)

supportive lattices in LCTs near epithelium and adipose tissue; hematopoietic and lymphoid tissues

elastin and fibrillin (glycoprotein)

sm muscle cells come' elastic arteries...NOT fibroblasts

tissues subject to stretching or expansion (elastic arteries, interalveolar septa, bronchi and bronchioles, elastic cartilage of ears)

tendon rupture

smooth muscle cells, fibrocytes/blasts, chondrocytes/blasts

not easily seen w/ reg staining techniques; highly pliable and elastic

fibrocytes--->fibroblasts--->repair---fibrocytes (same for chondrocytes/blasts, osteocytes/blasts)

special variant of fibroblast

• blasts: in LCT and CT in repair
• cytes: DCT

both synth and secrete ECM components but diff is activity level

produce reticular fibers in hematopoietic and lymphoid tissues; phagocytize Ag and debris; collect Ag on cell surface

lymphocytes, macrophages, FCD

fewer cells, thick matrix

• dense matrix is nondirectional
• very eosinophilic
• few nuc

i.e. deeper CT of skin; organ trabeculae

• dense matrix is directional (tendons, ligaments)
• tensile strength

i.e. tendons, ligaments

• adipose tissue
• cartilage and bone
• lymphatic tissue

• store E in the form of stored lipids
• cushions and insulates body

unilocular adipose

• multilocular adipose
• lots of mit but oxidative phosphorylation step deactivated so heat is made instead of ATP in order to keep baby warm

aka functional tissue

• beneath skin
• makes "panniculus adiposus" (superficial fascia)
• varies in thickness depending on adults

• in retroperitoneal areas
• variable amts surrounding blood/lymphatic vessels in omentum and mesenteries

aromatase....makes estradiol

• mast cells
• macrophages
• plasma cells
• lymphocytes
• neutrophils
• eosinophils
• * do not originate here, migrate here after mature

• derived from bone marrow precursors
• has abundant basophilic granules in cytoplasm- heparin and histamine

• phagocytic
• several can fuse to make multinuc giant cell
• lg, irregular cell w/ lg, pale staining nuc; "junky" cytoplasm

• abundant in areas susceptible to bact invasion (GI tract)
• lg, ovoid w/ eccentric nuc and lots rER
• clock face nuc w/ lots of heterochromatin on nuc env

• present in variable numbers
• sm, round cell w/ dk, round nuc, think cytoplasm

• migratory, phagocytic, short-lived
• trilobed nuc
• abundant lysosomes

• bilobed nuc
• bright-red cytoplasmic granules (lysosomes)
• internum and externum in specific granules

fibroblasts

aka GAGs

aka glycosamine in GAGs

Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, Stickler syndrome