Physiology

Is the acquisition, transformation, and utilization of energy and the sum of all reactions in the body

Building of things - requires energy

Breaking down - releasing energy

Disorder in a system

sequence of enzyme catalyzed reactions

molecules converted to a product

energy released from a reaction

energy put in a reaction

material that speeds up the rate of reaction

biological catalyst

energy cant be created or destroyed but it can be converted from one form to another

Entrophy of the universe is constantly increasing. amount of energy that is available to do work is decreases. Need to supply energy to remain organized

require energy to initiate the reaction

release / generate energy

A reaction can form products and products can form reactants

When there is no net reaction direction, when the reactant is convered to product at the same rate product is converted to reactant. Reactant and products have the same energy

Measure of time it takes for a chemical reaction to occur

Reactant and product concentrations

Temperature

Height of the reactions activation energy barrier

• Most proteins - shape accounts for the enzyme
• Specificity
• can be used repeatedly
• end in 'ase'
• energy of activation

enzyme structure determines enzyme function - base on shape

Shape is determined from the amino acid sequence

reaction in which electrons are released

reaction in which electrons are gained

Does not require oxygen to occur

Requires oxygen to occur

a mechanism of ATP synthesis in which an enzyme transfers a phosphate group from a substrate to ADP. occurs in steps 7 and 10 of glycolysis and step 5 of the krebs cycle

• Because it is the primary direct energy source for cell activity
• ATP is synthesized from ADP and inorganic phosphate

• Oxygen - None
• Occurs - cytoplasm
• How atp is made - substrate level phosphorylation
• products - pyruvate
• atp yield - 2

lactic acid

• oxygen - yes
• occurs - mitochondrial matrix
• how atp is made - Substrate level phosporylation and also linked to electron transport
• atp yield - 2
• products - carbon dioxide and electrons

• oxygen - yes
• occurs - mitochondria cristae
• how atp is made - oxidative phosphorylation
• atp yield - 34
• products - carbon dioxide and water