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Succinimides
ethosuximide Zarontin
- Seizure =excess energy/altered brain consciousness.
- Tonic clonic-limbs move
- Absense seizure-in a daze.
- Control of absense seizures. May act in inhibitory neuronal systems, suppresses EEL Pattern associated with absense seizures.
- Side effects-drowsiness, headache, blurred vision, pruritus, SJS, N/V/D
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Benzodiazepines-diazepam (Valium),
- Management of anxiety disorders, acute alcohol withdrawl, muscle relaxant (rigid muscles with tonic clonix seizure).
- Anadote-Flumazenel (Romazicon)-reverses sedation.
- Subdues excess energy (sedation). Initial dose offers seizure control for 15-20 minutes after administration.
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Drugs for treatment of focal/partial seizures.
Carbamazepine (Tegretol, Atretol)
Treatment of refractory seizure disorders including partial seizures. Alters NA and CA channels directly/indirectly increasing acidity of GABA an inhibitory neurotransmitter thereby decreasing excessive acidity.
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Barbiturate/Barbituate like drugs.
Phenobarbital (Solfoton, Luminal)
- Long term treatment of tonic-clonic and cortical seizures.
- General CNS depressant.
- Subdues excess energy.
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Hydantoins
Phenytoin (Dilantin)
- Stabalizes neuronal membranes and prevents hyperexcitability caused by excessive stimulation.
- Long term use-gingival hyperplasia-change in facial features.
- Cardiac issures, alters bone marrow
- Therapeutic level 10-20 mcg.
- Prevents drug withdrawal seizures.
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Drugs that modulate the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA
valproic acid Depakene
- Reduces abnormal electrical activity in the brain and may also increase GABA.
- GABA inhibits overstimulation.
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Meds for tonic clonic seizures
Benzodiazepam, phenobarbital, hydantoins
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Tonic clonic seizure that does not end
- Status elipictus
- Emergency
- May learn to recognize aura
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Period just after seizure
Postictal
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