LSW exam

Freud: seeks to relieve the person of neuroses via the use of free associate and dream analysis to uncover repressed conflicts that are subsequently re-lived on an emotional and intellectual level

• Freud: Psychoanalytic:
• Conscious: mental activities we are aware of
• Preconscious: feelings, thoughts, and ideas of which we are not currently aware, but can bring to awareness relatively easily.
• Unconcious: we are unaware; distressing throughts are repressed and end up here

• Freud: psychoanalytic:
• id:only part of personality present at birth; unconscious; includes instincts; operates on the pleasure principle; Cathexis occurs when the id invests libidinal energy into an image of an object that has the capacity to fill a need
• ego: operates on the reality principle; development of the ego is intertwined with the psychosexual development of the child; seeks to gain gratification and needs met in a socially acceptable way
• superego:an internal value system adopted from the environment, eventually takes over the position the parents had with the child

• Freud: psychoanalytic
• Pathology occurs when there is an failure to negotiate one of the psychosexual stages (over or under gratification); trauma and result in fixation because it is often associated with undergratification
• Stage 1:Oral Stage (birth-1) (mouth is the source of pleasure
• Stage 2:Anal Stage (2-3) focus is on learning control over bowel/urninary functions
• Stage 3: Phallic Stage (3-6) superego develops, sexual organs are source of pleasure
• Stage 4: Latency Period (6-11) repression of sexual feelings, genital area continues to be the primary zone of gratificiation
• Stage 5: Genital Stage (12-adult) primary focus is on erotic pleasure with the genitals

• Assimilation: the incorperation of aspects of one's environment into an existing thought structure
• Accomodation: modifying current thought sructure to incoporate a new, percieved feature of the environment

• Birth-2: Sensorimotor: understand the world through perception and action; abilities expand through this period so that by 2 we can purposefully combine actions
• 2-7: preoperational: thought is egocentric, mastery of indepently aquired skills, can form mental representations of objects and imagine actions related to them
• 7-11: concrete operations: logical thinking, imaginations are constrained by reality, can perform logical operations on concrete objects
• 11-adult: ability to reason abstractly

• Based on how children learn
• Children learn best in a supportive environment where they can identify what needs to be done instead of someone telling them.

• 1. culture and social environment provide guidance and support in the learning process
• 2. Human behavior is not exlusively regulated by stimulus and response conditions
• 3. The childs learning process consists of people who provide tools through modeling, questioning, prompting, and suggesting strategies so they can accomplish things they couldnt do on their own
• Language is an important part of learning, enables the child to form concepts and therefore think
• (ex are in classrooms where there is social interaction, group conversation, and oral/written expression)

Identified ego defense mechanisms used by the ego to minimize distress caused by conflict in the id and superego, used by an immature ego

• Ego defense mech by anna freud
• seeking of success in one area of life as a substitute for success in another area of life that has been limited ecause of personal or environmental barriers

• ego defense mech by anna freud
• anxiety is transformed into a physical dysfunction, such as paralysis or blindness, which does not have a physiological basis

• ego defense mech by AF
• a refusal to acknowledge an aspect of reality, including one's own experience, because to do so would result in overwhelming anxiety

• ego defense mech by AF
• shifting of negative feelings one has about a person or situation onto a different person or situation

• ego defense mech by AF
• anxiety is handeled through identifying with the person or thing producing the anxiety, such as "identifying with the kidnapper"

• ego defense mech by AF
• painful feelings are separated from from the incident that triggered them initially

• ego defense mech by AF
• reasoning is used to block difficult feelings, removing ones feelings from a stressful event

• ego defense mech by AF
• one's own negative characteristics are denied and instead seen as being characteristics of someone else

• ego defense mech by AF
• a person substitues a more socially acceptable, logical reason for an action rather than identifying the real motivation

• ego defense mech by AF
• adopting a behavior that is the antithesis of the instintual urge (ex acting as if one is sympathetic to an oppressed group when they have prejudices against them)

• ego defense mech by AF
• reverting to more primitive modes of coping associated with earlier and safer developmental periods

• ego defense mech by AF
• the unconscious pushing of anxiety producing throught and issues out of the conscious and into the unconscious

• ego defense mech by AF
• intolerable drives or desires are diverted into activities that are acceptable

• ego defense mech by AF
• where a person replaces an unacceptable goal with an acceptable one

• ego defense mech by AF
• an individual engages in a repetitious ritual in an attempt to reverse an unacceptable action previously taken

• defense mech not by AF
• allows an idividual to deal with emotional conflict or stress by exhibiting observable behavior rather than by merely feeling or relecting

• defense mech not by AF
• when an individual shares with others his or her emotional conflict or stress for the purpose of eliciting support or help rather than for the purpose of trying to place the responsibility on someone else

• defense mech not by AF
• utilized when a person places a limit on his instinctual demands and accepts a modified fulfillment of goals or desires

• defense mech not by AF
• when an individual deals with his or her emotional conflict or stress by selflessly dedicating his or her life to meeting the needs of others, thereby receiving vicarious gratification

• a defense mech not by AF
• when an indivudal deals iwth anxiety by "practicing" his or her emotional reactions to an anticipated future event and by considering the responses or soluations that he or she may utilize to deal with that event

• not by AF
• when an individual daydreams excessively as a substitute for real action

• not by AF
• an individual's refusal to partidipate in activities or encounter situations or objects that represent unconscious, aggressive or sexual impulses and the possible punishment for those impulsese, a major mech used by people with phobias

• not by AF
• a group member who redirects attention away from themselves and onto another group member

• not by AF
• an individual deals with his or her emotional conflict or stress by attributing negative qualities to himself or to others

• not by AF
• compartmentalization, or separating of activities or thoughts from the main portion of one's consciousness. often seen in the behavior of people with "two lives" separating one from the other

• not by AF
• the interruption of normal personality development at a stage short of mature independence

• not by AF
• an individual deals with their emotional conflict or stress by asking for help and then rejecting the help that is given; often the requests for help are disguised feelings of hostility which are expressed with refusal of help

• not by AF
• an individual deal with stress by pointing out amusing aspects of the stress

• not by AF
• the process of over-estimating the desirable qualities and under-estimating the limitations of something that is important to the individual

• not by AF
• seen in both the unconscious and consciou modeling of another person's behavior or style, but often in a less intense or complete manner than would be seen in pathological identification

• not by AF
• used early in development whereby a child, through observation, assimilates into her own ego and superego the values, attitudes, and preferences fo the parents

• not by AF
• unconsciously incorporating ideas, attributes, or mental images into one's own personality

• not by AF
• a mechanism whereby an individual is able to split off emotional components from a thought or experience (maybe only until that experience is over) typically seen in people with OCD

• not by AF
• an individual dealing with his or her own emotional stress by feeling or acting superior

• not by AF
• and individual expresses aggression toward another person in an indirect and unassertive manner, which in turn, gives the agitator the opportunity to avoid the emotional stress related to dealing with the other person's rejection

• not by AF
• prevents the bringing of repressed feelings or information to conscious awareness, thus sparing the anxiety that would arise from those memories or insights

• not by AF
• a mechanism of relieving stress or guild by doing something to make up for what one considers a bheavior error committed against another individual

• not by AF
• healthy
• an individual deals with his or her emotional conflict or stress by expressing feelings and thought directly an in a non-coercive or non-manipulative manner

• not by AF
• an individual expresses physical sx of the body's sympathetic and parasympathetic system as the result of emotional conflict or stress

• not by af
• in order to relate to significant others, an individual may "split" the significant other into two parts, good and bad, in an effort to cope with the painful feelings associated with that person.

• not by AF
• the conscious and intentional exclusion of data from consciousness

• not by AF
• a way of handling emotional conflicts by turning those conflicts into symbols, which can be viewed as displacements of deeper desires.

• viewed the needs of humans as heirarchical
• the most basic needs must be met before higher level needs can be met
• use in treatment planning
• physiological needs
• safety needs
• belonging and love needs
• esteem needs
• self-actualization

• 1: trust vs mistrust (birth-1) whether or not the infants needs are met determines its level of trust in himself and others
• 2: autonomy vs shame and doubt (2-3) children will begin to master some things, but the parents must provide boundaries to keep the child safe.
• 3: initiative vs guilt (3-5) increased sense of competence, parents must provide opportunities for iniative-taking
• 4: industry vs inferiority: (6-11) these children need worthwhile, interesting activites in which they can succeed
• 5: identity va identity diffusion: (12-18) physical and emotional changes take place, fixation at this stage produces adults who deal with conflict like adolecents
• 6: intimacy va isolation (19-mid30s) if the last stage was completed this one should be as well, if this stage cannot be negotiated the person becomes self-absorbed
• 7: Generativity vs stagnation (mis 30s-50s) parenting and preparing the next generation
• 8: integrity vs despair (60's and beyond)how the person feels about their life, whether or not they fear death

• Separation anxiety: first evident between 6-8 months when a baby is distressed when separated from his or her primary caregiver
• Stranger Anxiety: first manifested at approx 8 mo when a baby is distressed by seeing strangers face instead of a familiar face

• Bowlby
• Protest phase: angry
• Despair/depression
• detachment (adaptive for most, but becomes problematic if overused)
• anaclitic depression (when the baby has a loving mother who is taken away)

• Bowlby:
• Proximity maintenance: the desire to be close to the people to whom we are attached
• safe haven:returning to the attachment figure for comfort and safety in the face of a fear or threat
• secure base:point of security from which the child can explore the environment
• separation distress:anxiety in the absence of the attachment figure

• James Karl and Karen Wandrei
• assessment, not diagnostic, to examine social functioning balancing problems and strengths
• social functioning
• environmental problems
• mental health problems
• physical problems
• the first and second are the primary focus for the social worker

• can lead to long-lasting problems (mental health problems, behavioral probs, SA, relationship probs)
• cycle of abuse in families (the abused become abusers)
• perpetrators are usually parents/caregivers
• poor, young, single parents are most at risk of abusing
• sexual abusers are usually men and known by their victims
• the most common perpetrator of physical abuse of a child under 14 is the female parent

• tension building
• incident
• reconciliation
• calm

• genetic
• behavioral
• environmental
• psychological
• psychosocial
• developmental
• neurobiological
• social/cultural
• social learning
• risk and protective factors
• assessment includes needs, history, personal resources, motivational level, and support system

• children are the largest segment of the poor
• numerically there are more white people in poverty, but african americans, hispanics and asian americans are over represented in the poor.
• women, esp single women with children, are more apt to live in poverty
• more likely to be malnourished, need healthcare, live in hazardous environments, less likely to complete high school or have gainful employment

• 10th leading cause of death in the US
• high risk:
• mental disorder (part a mood DO or schizo)
• SA
• apathy, hopelessness, poor health
• no social support
• unemployment/retirement
• stressful environmental events
• male
• previous attempt
• LGBTQ
• family hx of suicide
• family violence
• access to guns
• incarceration

• Elizabeth Kubler Ross
• Denial
• Anger
• Bargaining
• Depresssion
• Acceptance