Linguistics - Lecture 5

• Onset
• Coda
• Nucleus

Nucleus

Vowel

• Banned entirely from a language
• Left out of some languages

• A vowel
• Necessary for every language

• Is not ever banned entirely
• Can be left out of some words

• Transglottal pressure difference becomes too small
• airflow ceases - voicing ceases

When the glottis opens up

• Acts to prevent passive devoicing
• - expands the vocal tract (lowering the pressure)
• Lowers the larynx (expands the pharynx)
• Shifts the tongue root forward

• Flows from high pressure regions to low
• Sustained voicing requires transglottal pressure difference
• Maintained with - airflow out of the tract and oropharyngeal expansion for short periods

Rapid decrease of air pressure in the vocal tract can sometimes lead to excess air in the oral cavity

lowering of larynx → expansion of vocal tract→ lowering of air pressure

Sounds generated by the lungs

• Implosives
• ejectives
• clicks

• Airflow
• - a region of high pressure and a region of low pressure

• closing it off at two ends
• compressing it
• opening it up to low pressure (outside airflow)

• Oral stop closure
• Closure of the larynx
• Raising the glottis which compresses the oral cavity causing high pressure

Voiceless

• Small generation of air above tongue
• Closure of the dorsal -velar

• Bilabial - kiss
• Dental - tsk tsk
• Lateral - giddy up

Languages of south africa