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5 Specimen Types - Ways to veiw specimen
•Autopsy
•Cytology
•Surgery
•Microbiology
•Clinical Labs
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Important info about Autopsy
Oonly people that can request for an autopsy are family and medical examiner
They may want to request for insurance policies
Autopsies always benefit the clinician
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Cytology
- •Examination of cellular
- features
- •Typically small specimens
- “cell smears”
- •Screening tests
- –Example PAP smear
- •Cervical dysplasia/neoplasia
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Cytology
Common Stains
- •H + E
- –Hematoxylin stains the nucleus blue and the
- cytoplasm (red) is counterstained with eosin
- •Trichrome
- –Stains nuclei (blue), cytoplasm (pink) and extracellular collagen (blue/green)
- •Special stains for mucin,
- elastic fibers, iron, myelin, fat and amyloid
- •Silver Stains (black) used for
- identifying basement membrane, fungi and brain parenchyma
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Immunochemistry
•Epitope specific
- –Cell membrane proteins
- •CD3, 7, 20, 45, 68
- –Cytoplasmic proteins
- •Cytokeratins, glial fibrillary acidic protein, smooth muscle actin
- –Nuclear receptors
- •Estrogen and progesterone receptors
- Have to have some type of visualizing agent
- Primary - has a tag on the antibody
- Secondary - has a tag on an antibody which is attached to
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