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development occurs _______ through lifespan
continuously
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measurable changes in the physical size of the body and its parts
growth
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examples of growth?
changes in height, weight, dental structure and bone density
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how does growth rate vary?
from periods of rapid and slow growth
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rapid growth is most common in _____ stages
prenatal, infant, adolescent
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behavioral changes in skills and functional abilities
development
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process of becoming fully grown and developed, applies to physiological and behavioral aspects
maturation
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assimilation of information resulting in behavior change
learning
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during life span stages certain ____ must be accomplished
developmental tasks
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time of mst rapid growth or development in a stage of he life span is called ____
critical period
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during a critical period an individual is most vulnerable to _____
stressors
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growth, development, maturation, and learning are _____ processes
interdependant
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what is the exact rate of development for individuals
cannot be predicted
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principles or order of growth and development
- 1. cephalocaudal - (head to toe)
- 2. proximodistal - (functions near midline develop before those distant
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factors that influence growth and development
- heredity
- heath status
- life experience
- culture
-
blueprint for individuals growth and development
heredity
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developmental milestones can be delayed by?
- health status
- illness
- disability
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rate of growth and development is influenced by?
life experiences
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age of mastery is determined by?
culture
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chronological age and developmental age are ______
NOT the same
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physiological dimension of growth and development consist of
- physical size and functioning
- genetics
- nutrition
- CNS
- endocrine system
-
psychosocial dimension consists of
- feelings
- interpersonal relationship
- self concept
- willingness
- acceptance
- etc
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perception of ones self including body image, self esteem and ideal self
self concept
-
theorists that identified sexuality (anything that gives the body pleasure)
freud
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theorist that believed each psychosocial stage has to be mastered
erickson
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4 stages of intellectual development
- sensorimotor
- preoperational
- concrete
- formal
-
process of taking in new experiences or information
assimilation
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allows for adjustment of thinking to take in new info. to increase understanding
accomodation
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change resulting from assimilation and accomodation
adaptation
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persons value system that helps decide right from wrong
moral dimension
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the ability to decide for oneself what is right
moral maturity
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dimension described as sense of personal meaning
spiritual dimension
-
refers to relationships with oneself, others, and a divine source
spirituality
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basic concept of nursing
provide care to the whole person
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development beginning with conception and ending with birth
prenatal satge
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3 phases of prenatal stage
-
begins with conception and lasts 10-14 days
germinal
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cns of a baby forms in what stage
prenatal germinal phase
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weeks 2-8 after conception marked by rapid cell differentiation, body system development, and growth
embryonic
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the intrauterine development period from 8 weeks to birth characterized by rapid growth and body parts
fetal phase
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why is early prenatal care important
for positive pregnancy turnout
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primary environment affecting prenatal growth and development
uterus
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what is the consequence for a mother with inadequate nutrition
preterm or low birth weight infant
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alcohol use during pregnancy results in _____- where fetal development is impaired resulting in physical and intellectual problems
fetal alcohol syndrome (fas)
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alcohol consumption is most dangerous during ____ when embryo's brain and vital organs are developing
first 3 months
-
leading cause of mental retardation among infants
FAS
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anything that crosses the placenta and impairs ormolu growth and development
teratogenic substance
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first 28 days of life following birth; time of major adjustment to extrauterine life
neonatal
-
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____ plays a major role in a neonates survival
reflex
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adjusting to a parental figure is a major ____ task of a neonate
psychological
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when does bonding occur
initial eye contact with baby and parent
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attachment between parent and child
bonding
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foundation for trust
bonding
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most important nursing activity in promoting neonate wellness is
teaching
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when dealing with infants what is a primary concern
safety
-
primary cause of neonatal death
- low birth weight
- premature birth
- infection
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development from the ned of the first month to the end of the first year of life; period of adaptation, physiological and psychological growth
infancy
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stage that begins at 12-18 months of age when a child begins to walk alone and ends at 3 years of age
toddler
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major stressor for toddlers
separation from parents
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development stage from 3-6 when physical growth slows, and psychosocial and cognitive development accelerate
preschool stage
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