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Cell
The basic unit of structure and function in living things; the smallest units in living things that show the characteristics of life
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Prokaryotic Cells
Cells lacking distinct membrane-bound structures; monerans, bacteria, or blue-green algae
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Eukaryotic Cells
Cells containing membrane-bound nuclei
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Organelles
The specialized structures in the cytoplasm of cells that carry out specific functions
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Nucleus
A large membrane-enclosed organelle that contains the cell’s DNA
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Cell Wall
The rigid structure that encloses the cells of plants and various microorganisms
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Cell Membrane
The structure that encloses the interior of a cell and controls the passage of materials into and out of the cell; plasma membrane
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Nucleoli
Dense, granular bodies that are found in the nucleus of cells and are a site of RNA production
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Nuclear Membrane
The structure that surrounds the nucleus
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Chromatin
The material of which chromosomes are composed
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Cytoplasm
The watery material between the nucleus and the cell membrane of a cell
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Endoplasmic Reticulum
A system of fluid-filled canals enclosed by membranes
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Ribosomes
The organelles that are the sites of protein synthesis in cells
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Golgi Bodies
The organelles consisting of stacks of membranes forming flattened sacs in the proteins synthesized by cells
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Lysosomes
The small, saclike structures surrounded by single membranes and containing strong digestible or hydrolytic enzymes
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Mitochondria
oval membrane-enclosed organelles in which most of the reaction of cellular respiration occur
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Vacuoles
A membrane enclosed, fluid-filled cavity in a cell
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Centrioles
Cylindrical organelles found near the nucleus in animal cells that are involved in mitosis
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Endosymbiosis
The condition in which one organism lives inside the cell of another to the benefit of both
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Chloroplasts
The plastids that contain chlorophyll, the sites of photosynthesis in eukaryotic cells
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Plastids
membrane-enclosed organelles found in the cells of some protists and almost all plants; includes chloroplasts, chromoplasts, and leucoplasts
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Leucoplasts
The colorless plastids in which starch of other plant nutrients are stored
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Chromoplasts
The plastids that contain pigments other than chlorophyll
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Diffusion
The movement of molecules or particles from an area of greater concentration to an area of lesser concentration
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Osmosis
The diffusion of water across a semi permeable membrane from a region of high concentration of water to a region of low concentration of water
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Active Transport
A process in which the movement of materials across a cell membrane requires the expenditure of cellular energy
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