Biology2

Autosomes
- 22 pairs
- Everything except sex chromosomes
Sex Chromosomes

X,Y- One pair code for sex traits
Homologous Chromosomes
- Same genes not necessarily same alleles
- One from mom and one from dad
Karyotype
- All chromosomes
- All DNA genotype
Four possible Nucleotides
- ATCG
- Adenine
- Thymine
- Guanine
- Cytosine
- All have nitrogen and phosphate-sugar-base
- DNA is a string of nucleotides
- A only with T, C only with G
- Diagram in notes.
DNA Replication
- 1. Parent DNA- two strands of base paired nucleotides.
- 2. Parental strands unwind and separate. This is done by enzymes .
- 3. Once open and exposed is will attract a complementary base.
Unique Nucleotide Sequences
- Codes for amino acids- which are proteins
- 3 billion base pairs for humans DNA
Restriction Enzymes
- Enzymes that cut up DNA.
- Made by bacteria- defense against bacteria
- 110 of them
- Attach to DNA and look for a recognizable sequence, cut the DNA
- Ex- CGATIGCATIGCAATCCGCGATIGC-- four pieces
DNA Fingerprint
- Bands of children have to come from parents
- Unless mutations the bands will match
- Siblings will have half bands in common
- Unrelated people will have few bands in common
Mitosis
- Make identical cells to the ones that are there.
- 46 chromosomes
- 46 chromosomes
- 92- does not work must have 46
- So if you use half of both it would work
Meiosis

Cell division by germ cells- reduces chromosomes number process that makes egg and sperm.

Author

nicolej12

9726

Card Set

Biology2

Description

Exam 2-3

Updated

2010-03-09T08:04:06Z

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