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Biology2
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Autosomes
22 pairs
Everything except sex chromosomes
Sex Chromosomes
X,Y- One pair code for sex traits
Homologous Chromosomes
Same genes not necessarily same alleles
One from mom and one from dad
Karyotype
All chromosomes
All DNA genotype
Four possible Nucleotides
ATCG
Adenine
Thymine
Guanine
Cytosine
All have nitrogen and phosphate-sugar-base
DNA is a string of nucleotides
A only with T, C only with G
Diagram in notes.
DNA Replication
1. Parent DNA- two strands of base paired nucleotides.
2. Parental strands unwind and separate. This is done by enzymes .
3. Once open and exposed is will attract a complementary base.
Unique Nucleotide Sequences
Codes for amino acids- which are proteins
3 billion base pairs for humans DNA
Restriction Enzymes
Enzymes that cut up DNA.
Made by bacteria- defense against bacteria
110 of them
Attach to DNA and look for a recognizable sequence, cut the DNA
Ex- CGATIGCATIGCAATCCGCGATIGC-- four pieces
DNA Fingerprint
Bands of children have to come from parents
Unless mutations the bands will match
Siblings will have half bands in common
Unrelated people will have few bands in common
Mitosis
Make identical cells to the ones that are there.
46 chromosomes
46 chromosomes
92- does not work must have 46
So if you use half of both it would work
Meiosis
Cell division by germ cells- reduces chromosomes number process that makes egg and sperm.
Author
nicolej12
ID
9726
Card Set
Biology2
Description
Exam 2-3
Updated
2010-03-09T08:04:06Z
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