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Number of pins for a Parallel ATA (PATA/IDE)
40-pin connector
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Number of pins for a Seria ATA (SATA/IDE)
7-pin connector
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Which utility in Windows allows you to partition a hard drive?
Disk Management
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Besides harddrives what else is IDE used for?
CD-ROM, DVD, and ZIP
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What are drives that support ATA-2 and higher generically refered to as?
enhanced IDE (EIDE)
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What technology was ATA-3 introduced with?
ATA Packet Interface (ATAPI)
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What was ATA Packet Interface (ATAPI)/ATA-3 introduced to deal with?
- CD-ROMS, tape back up, ZIP, etc.
- enables the BIOS to recognize these other drives
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What was ATA-4 introduced with, and what did it support?
UltraDMA supports transfer modes of up to 33MBps
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What transfer modes does ATA-5 support, and what does it need?
- 66MBps
- needs 80-wire cable
- motherboard or IDE controller card must support ATA-5 or revert to ATA-4
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What transfer modes does ATA-6 support, and what does it need?
- 100MBps
- needs 80-wire cable
- motherboard or IDE controller card must support ATA-6 or revert to ATA-4
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What transfer modes does ATA-7 support, and what does it need?
- UltraDMA133: 150MBps
- serial ATA (SATA)
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What transfer modes does ATA-8 support, and what does it need?
- UltraDMA133: 150MBps
- serial ATA (SATA)
- minor revision to ATA-7
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A typical motherboard has how many IDE connectors? How many total IDE devices can you connect?
- 2 connectors
- 2 devices on each connector = 4 total
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How many SCSI drives can you have per interface?
7
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How should you orient the red stripe on an IDE cable if there is no marking for pin 1?
toward the power supply
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What do you do if an IDE drive is not automatically detected by the computer?
Configure the drive in the BIOS
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On the primary IDE channel, if a single hard disk is attached, its jumper should be set to what?
Single, if available; otherwise Master
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What is the BIOS Setup option DMA or programmed input/output (PIO) used for? For what are those settings unnecessary or undesirable?
- Improving drive performance by allowing the drive to write directly to RAM, bypassing the CPU
- modern drives that support UltraDMA
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What does SCSI stand for?
Small computer system interface
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Eight-bit SCSI-1 and SCSI-2 internal devices use what type of cable?
a 50-pin ribbon SCSI A cable
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Sixteen-bit SCSI internal devices use what type of cable?
SCSI P cable with 68 wires and a DB-style connector
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What is the 80-pin internal connector used for some high end SCSI devices called?
SCA
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External SCSI connectors
- SCSI-1: 50-pin Centronics connector
- SCSI-2: 25-, 50-, or 68-pin femal DB-style connector
- SCSI-3: 68- or 80-pin femal DB-style connector
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How do you configure SCSI devices?
Assign them a number by using jumpers or DIP switches
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What does a terminating resistor pack (terminator) do?
Must be installed at both ends of the bus to keep the signals "on the bus."
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Which terminator works with resistors driven by the small amout of electricity that travels through the SCSI bus?
Passive terminator
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Which termination uses voltage regulators inside the terminator?
Active terminator
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When connecting internal-only or external-only SCSI devices how do you install the terminating resistors?
Terminated the last drive in the chain including the host adapter
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When connecting internal and external SCSI devices how do you install the terminating resistors?
Terminate the last drive in each chain but leave the host adaptor unterminated.
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Which devices should get higher SCSI priority?
Slower devices so that can access the bus whenever they need it.
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Which SCSI ID is the highest priority no matter the bus width?
7
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SCSI ID priority in highest to lowest
- 8-bit: 7 through 0
- 16-bit: 7 through 0, 15 through 8
- 32-bit: 7 through 0, 15 through 8, 23 through 16, 31 through 24
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Which SCSI ID should the bootable (or first) hard drive be set to?
0
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Which SCSI ID should the CD-ROM drive be set to?
3
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What is RAID, and what is it used for?
- Redundant Array of Independed Disks
- Combines the storage power of more than one hard disk for increased performance or fault-tolerance
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What is RAID 0 or disk striping?
- Writing data across multiple drives for faster data access.
- If one drive fails then all data is lost
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What is RAID 1 or disk mirroring?
- Produces fault tolerance by simultaneousley writing data to two drives.
- Does not help with speed and doubles cost.
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What is RAID 5?
- Uses a parity block distributed across all the drives in the array, in addition to striping the ata across them.
- If one drive fails, the parity info can be used to recover what was on the failed drive.
- Requires a minimum of 3 drives.
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What kind of cable is a traditional VGA video cable?
DB-15
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What does DVI stand for?
Digital Video Interface
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What is the most important component to have when installing a new video display device?
The correct driver
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Discharging the high-voltage charge on a CRT monitor using a high voltage probe
- First: attach the alligator clip to the ground (round pin on the power cord)
- Second: slip the probe needle under the high-voltage cup on the monitor
- Third: Watch the gauge spike to 15,000 and slowly reduce to 0
- Last: remove probe and begin service
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Basic Aspects of Troubleshooting
- 1: Define the problem
- 2: Check the simple stuff first
- 3: Check to see if it's user error
- 4: Restart the computer
- 5: Determine if the problem is hardware or software
- 6: If hardware, determine which component is failing
- 7: Check service info sources
- 8: If it ain't broke...
- 9: Ask for help
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Define the Problem
- Can you show me the problem?
- How often does this happen?
- Has any new hardware been installed recently?
- Have any other changes been made to the computer recently?
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Simple stuff
- Plugged in?
- Turned on?
- System ready?
- Do the chips and cable need to be reseated?
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Every computer has a diagnostic program built into ist BIOS called what?
POST, power-on self-test
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Which command resets the modem?
ATZ
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To fix a bad pwer supply in a desktop PC, you should do what?
Remove and replace the entire power supply box
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What two devices are commonly used to cool components within a PC?
fans and heat sinks
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What can you used to clean computer and monitor cases?
mild soap and water and a clean, lint-free cloth
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What can you use to clean a monitor screen?
glass cleaner designed specifically for monitors and a soft cloth
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What can you used to clean a keyboard?
- canned air
- towelettes designed for use with computers
- soaking in demineralized water (let dry 48 hrs)
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What can you used to clean the electronic connectors?
distilled, denatured isopropyl alcohol
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How can you remove dust and dirt from inside a computer?
Use compressed air to blow dust from inside the computer
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Aside from adequate ventilation, what percent humidity should you maintain for computers?
50-80
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What dot discolored areas on a board mean?
power surge or overclocking
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What should you use to clean up toner?
- a special vacuum designed for electronics that does not product ESD and has a fine filter
- magnet for cleaning toner off of clothing
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How many bits of data does a high speed serial cable carry simultaneously in a single direction?
1
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