local anes

nerve cells; the basic unit of nerves

terminal zone of nerve axon, known as junctions, also contain numerous organelles

the spaces between adjacent Schwann cells where nerve membranes can be exposed to local anesthetic drugs in myelinated nerves

the inner layer of the perineurium

the potential across a nerve; whenever it is not 0 mV

when the potential across the membrane is 0 mV

a state following a nerve impulse generation in which a subsequent impulse generation is either temporarily impossible or more difficult

the period in which a partial attainment of the resting state has occurred and during which a larger stimulus is required in order to achieve a successful firing along previously fired segments of nerve membranes

the state in which a nerve is receiving little or no stimulation

the process whereby impulses are more rapidly conducted along myelinated nerves due to a decrease in the length of membrane along which impulses must be generated in order to reach their destinations

connective tissue cells that protect neurons in the peripheral nervous system

Schwann cells, described as enclosing neurons

nerves that relay information to the CNS regarding tissue injury and stimulation

the initial depolarization or electrical activity along a nerve membrane during which there is insufficient depolarization to generate a nerve impulse

active pumps that enhance the movement of sodium ions both into and out of sodium channels

the areas in ion channels of nerve membranes in which local anesthetic molecules are bound

tree-like zones of neurons where impulses are transmitted to other nerves or nuclei of the CNS

the period during which the generation of new impulses along previously fired sections of nerve membranes is physiologically impossible

a synonym for impulse, which refers to the electronic signal generated and conducted to the CNS and from the CNS to effector organs, cells, and tissues in response to stimulation

the processes or fibers of individual nerve cells that transmit signals to and from the central nervous system

bilayered, phospholipid membranes of neurons, also known as neurolemmas

the cytoplasm or intracellular environment of a nerve cell

the part of a neuron that provides metabolic support and, in the case of motor neurons, also conducts impulses

a term referring to the relative amounts of substances on differing sides of membranes (in local anesthesia, neural membranes)

the fasciculi in the central region of the mantle bundles

a zone of a sensory nerve where stimulation occurs

the network of nerves surrounding teeth that innervate the pulp and their supporting structures

to transform an area of nerve membrane from an excitable to a less excitable or nonexcitable state

greater volumes of solution are required to accomplish impulse extinction

the difference in electrical charge across a membrane

the anatomic structure that separates individual nerve fibers and insulates their electrical activity

the outer covering of the epineurium

the loose connective tissue layer that surrounds the fasciculi, their associated supporting connective tissue including blood vessels and lymphatics, and the perineuria

the outer environment of nerves beyond their membranes and associated Schwann cells

bundle of nerve fibers

the point at which a sufficient change in electrical potential has occurred to generate a nerve impulse

a group of nerve cell bodies outside the CNS

water loving

signals generated and conducted along nerve membranes that provide the CNS with awareness of tissue stimulation or damage or that initiate reactions from effector organs and tissues in response to the stimulation or damage

the interruption of impulse propagation along particular areas of nerve membranes (local anesthesia induces impulse extinction)

the environment within cell membranes, in this case, nerve cell membranes

pathways within nerve membranes through which charged atoms can pass

lipid or fat loving

any drug that renders nerve tissues insensitive to stimulation by preventing the generation and conduction of nerve impulses

nerves that transmit impulses from the CNS to effector cells, tissues, and organs

refers to nerves that are enclosed by multiple layers of Schwann cells

axons and their associated Schwann cells

the outer membrane of a neuron, also known as an axolemma